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Nutrition > Fad Diets- Exam 1 > Flashcards

Fad Diets- Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

_____ an intense and widely shared enthusiasm for something, especially one that is short-lived and without basis in the object’s qualities; a craze

A

fad

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2
Q

_____ a diet that becomes popular for a short time without being a standard dietary recommendation, and that often makes unreasonable claims for fast weight loss or health improvements

A

fad diet

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3
Q

Why do we care about fad diets?

A

Restrictive - may omit key nutrients or lead to dehydration

Unrealistic Goals - may promise dramatic short-term results

Costly - may prey on patients who are not able to afford the materials advertised as key to someone’s branded diet

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4
Q

_____ high-fat, low-carb diet intended to promote burning ketones, rather than glucose, for energy

A

Keto diet

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5
Q

75% fat, 20% protein, 5% carbs (approximate)

What diet

A

Keto diet

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6
Q

______ Alternative energy source, made when glucose is in short supply
Made in the liver from fat breakdown

A

Ketones

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7
Q

Shift from using glucose to breaking down fat usually happens over ____ days of eating ????

A

2-4

less than 20-50 g of carbs per day

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8
Q

____ are formed when there is inadequate sugar or glucose to supply the body’s fuel needs

A

Ketones

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9
Q

_____ in particular, helps stop the body from progressing to excessive ketone production and subsequent ketoacidosis

A

Insulin

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10
Q

During ketosis, What is happening in the body?

A

lower insulin levels, normal glucagon and epinephrine levels causes fat to be released from adipose cells.

Fat travels through blood to reach liver where it is converted to ketones

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11
Q

What is the production of ketones regulated by?

A

a balance of insulin, glucagon, and other hormones

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12
Q

The presence of other macros (proteins, carbs) helps ensure that some ____ is still released

A

insulin

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13
Q

What can you eat on a Keto diet?

A

all the fats
any type of meat
all the NON-starchy vegtables
small amounts of berries
cheese

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14
Q

What do you need to avoid eating on a keto diet?

A

Grains
Fiber
Legumes
Sugar
Fruits: (except small amounts of berries)
Starchy vegetables
Dairy: (except cheese)

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15
Q

What are some health benefits of a keto diet?

A

Reduce frequency of epileptic seizures in children

Weight loss for DM pts (1-2 pounds per week)

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16
Q

What are some risks with the keto diet?

A

Keto Flu
high in saturated fat
nutrient deficient
liver and kidney problems
constipation
fuzzy thinking and mood swings
NOT sustainable for long term weight loss

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17
Q

What nutrients are you likely to be deficient in if you follow the keto diet?

A

Selenium, magnesium, calcium, several vitamins (B and C)

18
Q

40% fat, 30% protein,30% carbs (approximate)

What fad diet?

A

Paleolithic diet

19
Q

_____ high-fat, low-carb diet based on eating foods similar to what humans would have eaten during the _____

A

Paleolithic Diet

20
Q

What is the general guideline for patients following the paleo diet?

A

only things found in nature, no dairy, no salt, sugar, peanuts, white potatoes, processed foods, all grains, legumes

21
Q

The reasoning is that the human body is genetically mismatched to the modern diet that emerged with farming practices is called the ______

A

discordance hypothesis

22
Q

What are some benefits of the paleo diet?

A

Reduced dietary sodium and sugar intake

Weight loss: Average 5-10 lbs in first 4 weeks. May see more in first few weeks (usually water/fluid)

Improved glucose tolerance

Better blood pressure control

Lower triglycerides

Better appetite management

23
Q

What are some risks of the paleo diet?

A

absent of fiber, vitamins, calcium and protein due to diet choices

risk for vit B, calcium and vit D

increased cost

constipation due to low fiber

altered gut flora

overconsumption of meat products

NOT sustainable for long term weight loss

24
Q

What are the rules with the raw food diet?

A

only uncooked, unprocessed foods

blending, juicing, soaking, sprouting, drying (up to 118o F/48 C)

plant-based foods with little to no intake of meats and dairy, and no processed foods

25
Q

Types of raw food diet: ____ limits foods to purely plant-based (no animal products) and raw, uncooked/unprocessed choices

A

raw vegan

26
Q

Types of raw food diet _____ - excludes meat, fish, and poultry; allows raw dairy, raw eggs, and raw plant-based foods

A

Raw Vegetarian

27
Q

Types of raw food diet: _____ allows raw dairy, raw eggs, raw plant-based foods, and intake of raw fish/poultry/meat if patient wishes

A

Raw omnivore

28
Q

What are some health benefits of the raw food diet?

A

increased fruit and vegetable intake

weight loss

lower CV disease

better BP control

lower triglycerides and LDL

Better appetite management

29
Q

What are some health risks of the raw food diet?

A

risk of nutrient deficiencies

food borne illnesses

high workload to prep food

theory is contraindicated by science/EBM

NOT sustainable for long- term weight loss

30
Q

What nutrient deficiency are you most at risk for with the raw food diet?

A

protein, calcium, iron, vitamin B12, vitamin D, iodine

31
Q

30-35% fat, 15-20% protein, 50% carbs (approx.)

What diet?

A

Mediterranean diet

32
Q

Med diet is accepted as _____ and medically sound diet plan

A

heart healthy

33
Q

Med diet prefers _____ fish over ____ fish

A

tuna, salmon, trout etc (colorful fish)

white fish: cod, flounder, tilapia

34
Q

_____ diet is sustainable in the long term

A

med diet

35
Q

What are some risks with the med diet?

A

no emphasis on portion size or caloric intake

temptation to partially adopt

36
Q

the med diet puts you at higher risk for what nutritional deficiencies?

A

iron and calcium

37
Q

What is the 5:2 intermittent fasting?

A

5 days a week eat normal

2 days a week only eat 500-600 calories

must have 1 normal day between the 2 fasting days

38
Q

What is the physiology of intermittent fasting?

A

allow the insulin levels to go down far enough, for long enough

stop storing fat and start burning it if our insulin levels go down

If our insulin levels go down, sugar/fat doesn’t go into our fat cells

39
Q

Intermittent fasting as shown to _____ levels of inflammatory markers and mitigates immediate hypersensitivity with _____

A

Lower

food allergies

40
Q

What are some individuals who should not participate in intermittent fasting?

A

Diabetics
Those with eating disorders
Active growth stage (children, adolescents)
Pregnancy / breastfeeding
healing from a major surgery

41
Q
A

Nutrition (11 decks)

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