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Developmental Biology > Gi Development > Flashcards

Gi Development Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three layers of Gastrulation?

A

Ectoderm
Mesoderm
Endoderm

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2
Q

In gut formation, which layer wraps around the other two ?

A

Ectoderm

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3
Q

Which layer is the gut made up of?

A

Endoderm

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4
Q

What does the cloaca separate?

A

Bladder and rectal regions

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5
Q

The concentration of what sets up regionalisation?

A

Retinoic acid

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6
Q

What forms in areas where there is a lack of retinoids acid?

A

Pharynx

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7
Q

What forms in areas of high retinoic acid?

A

Colon

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8
Q

What else plays a role in regionalisation?

A

Mesoderm and endoderm interact

SHH

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9
Q

What is the pharynx formed of?

A

Top is ectodermal

Lower is endodermal

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10
Q

What joins to form the neck?

A

Pharyngeal arches and pouches

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11
Q

What does the 1st pair of pharyngeal pouches form?

A

Auditory cavities

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12
Q

What does the 2nd pair of pharyngeal pouches make?

A

Tonsils

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13
Q

What does the 3rd pharyngeal pouches form?

A

Thymus

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14
Q

What does the 4th pair of pharyngeal pouches make?

A

Parathyroid gland

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15
Q

What is the mesentery?

A

The stalk that attaches the gut tube to the fetus

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16
Q

What does the mesentery allow passage of into the GI?

A

Nerves blood vessels

17
Q

What is the septum transversum?

A

Mesenchyme in the embryo that forms the gut

18
Q

What does the ventral mesentery form?

A

Upper part of GI

19
Q

What does the liver split the ventral mesentery into?

A

Lesser omentum and falciform ligament

20
Q

What happens to the stomach as it grows?

A

It rotates 90 degrees moving the small intestine and pancreas

21
Q

What does canalisation do?

A

Reopens the lumen of the duodenum

22
Q

What happens if canalisation doesn’t happen?

A

Will cause a blockage leading to a build up of amniotic fluid

23
Q

What happens during mid gut development?

A

Rapid elongation
Looping
Herniated into umbilical cord for growing space

24
Q

What layer forms the liver pancreas and gall bladder?

A

Endoderm

25
Q

What induces liver development?

A

Proximity to heart

26
Q

What specifies development of hepatocytes?

A

Hepatocyte growth factor HGF

27
Q

What do cholangocytes form?

A

Bile duct cells

28
Q

How is the pancreas formed?

A

Ventral and dorsal buds rotate and join

29
Q

Which bud forms the uncinate process of the pancreas?

A

Ventral

30
Q

What stimulates the development of pancreas?

A

Notochord

31
Q

If Ngn3 is present which cell type will form?

A

Endocrine

32
Q

Why must baby’s get lipase from milk?

A

They cannot digest protein as pancreas only becomes functional as an adult

33
Q

Why do GI cells constantly regenerate?

A

High throughput and thus attrition

34
Q

How does gi maturation occur?

A

Cells move to top of villi and undergo anoikis

35
Q

What is anoikis?

A

Cell death due to loss of attachment

Developmental Biology (4 decks)

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