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Developmental Biology > Early Stages > Flashcards

Early Stages Flashcards

1
Q

When is pregnancy calculated?

A

From the last menstrual period (LMP)

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2
Q

When is development calculated from?

A

Fertilisation

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3
Q

What is an oocyte?

A

The egg cell

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4
Q

Where is the egg released from?

A

Ovary

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5
Q

How is the oocyte swept into the oviduct?

A

The frimbriae

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6
Q

Meiosis is only completed when?

A

When the sperm enters

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7
Q

What is cleavage ?

A

Rapid mitotic cell division

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8
Q

Where does the pre-embryo implant?

A

Into the uterine wall?

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9
Q

What is a zygote?

A

A fertilised egg

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10
Q

What does the zygote divide to form?

A

Blastocyst

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11
Q

What can be seen in maternal blood when blastocyst is formed? (2-3 days)

A

EPF (early pregnancy factor)

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12
Q

What is a blastocel?

A

A hollow ball of cells formed from a zygote

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13
Q

What will the inner cell mass of the blastocel form?

A

The embryo

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14
Q

What will the outer cells of the blastocel form?

A

The trophoblast will form the placenta

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15
Q

What forms the chorion?

A

The trophoblast

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16
Q

What is the chorion?

A

Part of the placenta which enables the fetus to get O2 and nourishment from the mother

17
Q

What is the zona pellucida?

A

A membrane which surrounds the blastocyst to protect it

18
Q

Before implantation, what does the blastocyst need to do?

A

Hatch from the zona pellucida

19
Q

What happens at day 6?

A

The blastocyst attaches to uterine wall

20
Q

What is the risk of the blastocyst being able to implant anywhere?

A

Ectopic pregnancy

21
Q

What happens if the blastocyst does not implant?

A

It will leave in menstruation

22
Q

Day 14 may show spotting in the mother and may be mistaken for a period. What does this signify?

A

The blastocyst being fully embedded

23
Q

What would happen if the blastocyst implants close to the cervix?

A

The placenta would not be able to be shed so a c-section would be planned

24
Q

What happens to the uterine cavity as the blastocyst grows?

A

It is pushed together until gap is almost gone

25
Q

What does the trophoblast form when it divides?

A

The cytotrophoblast and the syncytiotrophoblast

26
Q

What is the characteristic of the cytotrophoblast?

A

It forms tightly packed cells around the blastocyst

27
Q

What are the characteristics of the syncytiotrophoblast?

A

Loosely packed cells surrounding the cytotrophoblast

28
Q

What are Lacunae and where do they form?

A

They are ‘holes’ formed between the loosely packed cells of the syncytiotrophoblast

29
Q

How does the lacunae fill with blood?

A

The trophoblast cells invade spiral arteries causing a leakage of blood into the lacunae, giving the fetus a blood supply

30
Q

What is the epiblast?

A

The cell mass in the blastocyst which will form the embryo

31
Q

Some of the cells in the epiblast go on to form what?

A

The amniotic cavity

32
Q

What does the cytotrophoblast form as it grows?

A

Villi- primary (frondosum)

33
Q

There is always a membrane separating the embryo from the maternal tissue, what forms this?

A

The syncytiotrophoblasts that form the Chorion

34
Q

How is the maternal blood supply invaded?

A

The primary villi grow to form secondary and tertiary villi, forming villi trees which invade the lacunae and also maternal blood supply

35
Q

What is the amniochoronic membrane and what does it do?

A

Syncytiotrophoblast invades uterine tissue forming the chorion which fuses with the amnio layer. This allows the fetus to get O2 and nourishment

36
Q

What a the placenta?

A

An organ which provides the fetus with nourishment via the umbilical cord.

Developmental Biology (4 decks)

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