GI - Class 4

Question 1

What is the spleen?

Answer 1

spleen is a lymphoid organ connected to the blood vascular system. It acts as a filter for blood and plays an important role in the immune responses of the body.

Question 2

How is spleen peritonised?

Answer 2

intraperitoneal

Question 3

In which region of the abdominal cavity is the spleen located?

Answer 3

left hypochondriac

Question 4

Does spleen move with respiration?

Answer 4

yes

Question 5

Name the structures in the hilum of spleen:

Answer 5

splenic vein, splenic artery and gastrosplenic ligament

Question 6

The tail of which organ is closely related to hilum of the spleen?

Answer 6

pancreas

Question 7

What is the function of the spleen

Answer 7

storage of RBC’s, clears platelets, filters blood, phagocytosis

Question 8

What is the pancreas?

Answer 8

The pancreas is a gland that partly exocrine and partly endocrine. The exocrine part secretes the digestive pancreatic juice; the exocrine part secretes hormones

Question 9

How is the pancreas peritonised?

Answer 9

retroperitoneal

Question 10

Which vein is formed posterior to the neck of the pancreas?

Answer 10

hepatic portal vein

Question 11

Into which part of the duodenum does the pancreatic duct open?

Answer 11

2nd part of the duodenum

Question 12

What is a liver?

Answer 12

Is a large gland situated in the right upper quadrant of the abdominal cavity. In the living subject, the liver is reddish brown in colour, soft in consistency, and very friable

Question 13

Round ligament of liver (also called as ligamentum teres) is the remnant of which embryological structure?

Answer 13

umbilical vein

Question 14

Name the four lobes of the liver

Answer 14

right and left lobe

caudate lobe, quadrate lobe

Question 15

What is the ‘bare area’ bare of?

Answer 15

bare of peritoneum - lies in close contact with diaphragm.

Question 16

What is the porta hepatis?

Answer 16

The porta hepatis is a deep fissure in the inferior surface of the liver through which all the neurovascular structures enter or leave the liver.

Question 17

Name 3 structures present in the aorta hepatis

Answer 17

1. hepatic portal vein
2. hepatic duct
3. portal artery

Question 18

What fold of peritoneum is wrapped around these 3 structures?

Answer 18

lesser omentum

Question 19

What does the extrahepatic biliary apparatus consists of?

Answer 19

right and left hepatic ducts
common hepatic duct
gall bladder
common bile duct

Question 20

Where is bile produced?

Answer 20

liver

Question 21

Where is bile stored?

Answer 21

gallbladder

Question 22

Where does bile enter the gut tube?

Answer 22

2nd part of the duodenum

Question 23

What is the function of bile?

Answer 23

Bile has bile acids which are critical for digestion and absorption fo fats

Question 24

What is Calot’s cystohepatic triangle?

Answer 24

Triangular space formed by cystic duct, common hepatic duct and inferior surface of liver. The triangle contains cystic artery. During the removal of the gall bladder (cholecystectomy) care should be taken not to damage the structures in and around the triangle.

Question 25

What are the main histological features of the pancreas?

Answer 25

• Islets of Langerhans composed of clumps of small poorly stained cells
• Pure serous acini composed of large strongly stained cells
• Small lobules surrounded by connective tissue septa

Question 26

What are the main histological features of liver?

Answer 26

Cells are arranged in sheets and converging towards the centre (central vein-4)
• At the corner of the lobule connective tissue encloses 2-3 portal areas which contain
blood vessels and ducts (portal tracts or portal triad 1,2 and 3)

Question 27

What are the main histological features of spleen?

Answer 27

Spleen is covered by a dense fibromuscular capsule formed of collagen and elastic fibres with scattered smooth muscle. Branching trabeculae radiate inside the spleen. The parenchyma of spleen is called pulp

Question 28

What is the main content of white pulp in the spleen?

Answer 28

lymphoid aggregations, lymphocytes, macrophages

Question 29

What is the main content of red pulp in the spleen?

Answer 29

vascular parenchyma, sinusoids

Question 30

Which costal cartilage is the surface marking of the gall bladder?

Answer 30

anterior end of the right 9th rib

Question 31

Does the liver move with the respiration?

Answer 31

yes

Question 32

Which ribs are related to the spleen?

Answer 32

left 9th and 11th ribs

Question 33

Which abdominal plane crosses the pancreas? Which part of the pancreas it passes through?

Answer 33

transpyloric

body of the pancreas

Question 34

What is an intravenous pyelogram

Answer 34

Intravenous pyelogram (IVP) is an x-ray exam that uses an injection of contrast material to evaluate your kidneys, ureters and bladder and help diagnose blood in the urine or pain in your side or lower back.