Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Anatomy > GI - Class 1 > Flashcards

GI - Class 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two imaginary lines used to divide the abdomen in 4 quadrants?

A

Transumbilical plane

Median plane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the imaginary lines used to divide the abdomen into 9 regions?

A

Two horizontal:
subcostal plane and trans tubercular plane
Two vertical:
right and left midclavicular planes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Name a few organs in the right hypochondriac

A

Liver, gallbladder, right kidney

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Name a few organs in the epigastric

A

stomach, pancreas, duodenum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Name a few organs in the left hypochondriac

A

spleen, left kidney, pancreas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Name a few organs in the right lumbar

A

liver, ascending colon, gallbladder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Name a few organs in the umbilical

A

umbilicus, small intestine, duodenum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Name a few organs in the left lumbar

A

descending colon, left kidney

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Name a few organs in the right iliac

A

appendix, caecum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Name a few organs in the hypogastric region

A

urinary bladder, sigmoid colon, female reproductive organs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Name a few organs in the left iliac

A

descending colon, sigmoid colon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the five bilaterally paired muscles in the anterolateral abdominal wall?

A

3 flat muscles: external oblique, internal oblique and transversus abdominis
2 vertical muscles: rectus abdominis and pyramidalis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the action and innervation of the external oblique muscle?

A

compresses and supports abdominal viscera, flex and rotate trunk.
innervate by thoraco-abdominal nerves (anterior rami of T7-T11)
subcostal nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the action and innervation of the internal oblique muscle?

A

compresses and supports abdominal viscera, flex and rotate trunk.
innervate by thoraco-abdominal nerves (anterior rami of T7-T11)
subcostal nerve
first lumbar nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the action and innervation of the transversus abdominis muscle?

A

compresses and supports abdominal viscera.
innervate by thoraco-abdominal nerves (anterior rami of T7-T11)
subcostal nerve
first lumbar nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the action and innervation of the rectus abdominis muscle?

A 
flexes trunk (lumbar vertebrae) compresses abdominal viscera, stabilises and controls tilt of pelvis(antilordosis)
innervate by thoraco-abdominal nerves (anterior rami of T7-T11) 
subcostal nerve
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the rectus sheath?

A

formed by the interlaced aponeurosis of the flat abdominal muscles enclosed in the rectus abdominis and the pyramidalis.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the arcuate line?

A

demarcates the transition between the posterior rectus sheath covering the superior three quarters of the rectus abdominis proximally and the transversalis fascia covering the inferior quarter.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What vertebral level is the umbilicus

A

L3-L4

20
Q

What dermatome supplies the level of the umbilicus

A

T10

21
Q

The inguinal ligament is attached to which two bony points of the hip bone

A

pubic tubercle and the anterior superior iliac spine

22
Q

4 distinct functional layers of the gastrointestinal tract?

A

mucosa, submucosa, musculares propria and the serosa/ adventitia

23
Q

What are the three layers of the mucosa?

A

epithelium, lamina propria and muscularis propria

24
Q

What are the four basic mucosal types found in the GI tract?

A
  1. Protective
  2. secretory
  3. absorptive
  4. absorptive/ protective
25
Q

Describe the protective mucous membrane

A

stratified squamous epithelium found in the oral cavity, pharynx, oesophagus and anal canal

26
Q

Describe the secretory mucous membrane

A

closely packed straight glands with goblet cells found only in the stomach

27
Q

Describe the absorptive mucous membrane

A

vili with short glands typical of the entire small intestine

28
Q

Describe the absorptive/ protective mucous membrane

A

simple columnar epithelium with tubular glands - lines the whole of the large intestine

29
Q

What is the innervation of the abdominal muscles?

A

Ventral rami of T7-L1

thoraco-abdominal nerves

30
Q

Formation of inguinal canal

A

An evagination of peritoneum
called processus vaginalis
develops along the path of
gubernaculum

31
Q

Define gubernaculum

A

A fibrous
cord or tissue
pulls the testis / ovary
down

32
Q

What is Cryptorchidism

A

Undescended testes

33
Q

What is the prevalence of cryptorchidism?

A

Occurs in 30% of premature males. Can be unilateral or bilateral

34
Q

What is the cause of cryptorchidism?

A

Deficiency of androgen production by the fetal testis

35
Q

What condition does cryptorchidism predispose.

A

Testicular cancer

36
Q

What are the contents of the inguinal canal?

A

spermatic cord in males and round ligament of the uterus in females. Also contains blood, lymphatic vessels and ilioinguinal nerve in both the sexes

37
Q

Anatomical location of the inguinal canal

A

Lies parallel and superior to the medial half of the inguinal ligament

38
Q

Features of the deep inguinal ring

A

Entrance to the inguinal canal. Part of transversalis fascia

Location – superior to the middle of inguinal ligament, lateral to inferior epigastric artery

39
Q

Features of the superficial inguinal ring

A

Exit of the canal. Present in the external oblique aponeurosis
Location – Above and lateral to pubic tubercle

40
Q

Anterior wall of inguinal canal

A

External oblique aponeurosis

41
Q

Posterior wall of the inguinal canal

A

Trasversalis fascia & medial part by conjoint tendon (internal oblique + transversus abdominis)

42
Q

Roof of the inguinal canal

A

Laterally by transversalis fascia and centrally by internal oblique and transversus `abdominis muscles

43
Q

Floor of the inguinal canal

A

inguinal ligament

44
Q

What is a hernia?

A

A hernia is an abnormal protrusion of a viscus (organ) or part of a viscus through an opening in the cavity in which it is normally contained. About 75% of all herniae occur at the groin.

45
Q

What are the different types of hernia

A 
Inguinal hernia – direct and indirect
Femoral hernia
Umbilical hernia
Paraumbilical hernia
Epigastric hernia
Incisional hernia
Hiatus hernia
46
Q

Indirect inguinal hernia

A

Indirect inguinal hernia is common in young individuals – congenital weakness

47
Q

Direct inguinal hernia

A

Direct inguinal hernia is more common in old people – Lax muscles

Anatomy (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions