GI cancer Flashcards
what are the types of oesophagela cancera
adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma
what is squamous celll carcinoma
upper 2/3rd of oesophagus
rapid progression dysphagia
in the squamous epithelium / mucosa
what are the risk factos of squamous cell carcinoma
alcohol, smoking
what is an adenocarcinomas oesophagus
lower 1/3rd of oesophagua
arise in glandular columnar epithelim
stratified squamous to columnar
what are adenocarcinomas associated with - O
plummer vinson syndrome
what are the risk factors for adenocarcinomas - O
reflux eg barrets oesophagus
what are the types of gastric cancers
adenocarcinoma, gastric lymphoma, GIST
who gets adenocarcinoma - G
> 55s
what are risk factors for adenocarcinoma G
pernicious anaemia, H pylori, smoking, diet, lynch syndrome
what are gastric lymphomas derrived from
MALT
what are gastric lymphomas associated iwth
b cell proliferation lymphoma
what are the risk factors for gastric lymphomas
h pylori
what is GIST
asymptomatic, spindle like cells on histolog
what are the benign liver lesions
hemangioma, focal nodular hyperplasia, hepatic adenom, simple cyst, hyatid cyst, polystatic liver disease, liver abscess
what is the most common type of liver malignancy
hepatocellular carcinoma
what are the risk factors for HCC
alcohol, hep b/c
what makers are done for HCC
AFP >100
what is a cholangiocarcinoma
cancer of the biliary tree
what markers are done for cholangiocarcinoma
increased bilirubin and ALP
what investigations are done for HCC and cholangiocarcinoma
US then CT/MRI of abdomen and biopsy
what are the endocrine pancreatic cancers
insulinoma, gluconoma, gastinoma
what is the exocrine pancreas cancer
pancreatic adenocarcinoma
what are the symptoms of pancreatic cancer
painless, obstructive jaundice, lymphodenopathy, steathorea
what is colorectal cancer
malignnatn transformation of colonic polyps
what are the genes associated with colorectal caner
HNPCC and FAP
are mets or primary more common in the small bowel
mets
what are some primary tumours of the small bowel
lymphomas, carcinoid and carcinomas
what is carcinoid syndrome
secretion of excess serotonin in to blood
where do small bowel cancers met to
ovaries, colon, stomach
where are small bowel carcinoids most commonly founf
appendix
what do small bowel carcinoids look like
small yellow, slow growing tumors
how do carcinoids cause carcinoid syndrome
due to the release of vasoactive peptides
what are the symptoms of carcinoid syndrome
flushing + diarrhoea (due to intussception and obstruction) + wheezing
what are small bowel carcinoids associated with
crohns and coeliac
