GI cancer Flashcards

1
Q

what are the types of oesophagela cancera

A

adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma

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2
Q

what is squamous celll carcinoma

A

upper 2/3rd of oesophagus
rapid progression dysphagia
in the squamous epithelium / mucosa

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3
Q

what are the risk factos of squamous cell carcinoma

A

alcohol, smoking

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4
Q

what is an adenocarcinomas oesophagus

A

lower 1/3rd of oesophagua
arise in glandular columnar epithelim
stratified squamous to columnar

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5
Q

what are adenocarcinomas associated with - O

A

plummer vinson syndrome

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6
Q

what are the risk factors for adenocarcinomas - O

A

reflux eg barrets oesophagus

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7
Q

what are the types of gastric cancers

A

adenocarcinoma, gastric lymphoma, GIST

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8
Q

who gets adenocarcinoma - G

A

> 55s

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9
Q

what are risk factors for adenocarcinoma G

A

pernicious anaemia, H pylori, smoking, diet, lynch syndrome

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10
Q

what are gastric lymphomas derrived from

A

MALT

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11
Q

what are gastric lymphomas associated iwth

A

b cell proliferation lymphoma

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12
Q

what are the risk factors for gastric lymphomas

A

h pylori

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13
Q

what is GIST

A

asymptomatic, spindle like cells on histolog

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14
Q

what are the benign liver lesions

A

hemangioma, focal nodular hyperplasia, hepatic adenom, simple cyst, hyatid cyst, polystatic liver disease, liver abscess

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15
Q

what is the most common type of liver malignancy

A

hepatocellular carcinoma

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16
Q

what are the risk factors for HCC

A

alcohol, hep b/c

17
Q

what makers are done for HCC

18
Q

what is a cholangiocarcinoma

A

cancer of the biliary tree

19
Q

what markers are done for cholangiocarcinoma

A

increased bilirubin and ALP

20
Q

what investigations are done for HCC and cholangiocarcinoma

A

US then CT/MRI of abdomen and biopsy

21
Q

what are the endocrine pancreatic cancers

A

insulinoma, gluconoma, gastinoma

22
Q

what is the exocrine pancreas cancer

A

pancreatic adenocarcinoma

23
Q

what are the symptoms of pancreatic cancer

A

painless, obstructive jaundice, lymphodenopathy, steathorea

24
Q

what is colorectal cancer

A

malignnatn transformation of colonic polyps

25
what are the genes associated with colorectal caner
HNPCC and FAP
26
are mets or primary more common in the small bowel
mets
27
what are some primary tumours of the small bowel
lymphomas, carcinoid and carcinomas
28
what is carcinoid syndrome
secretion of excess serotonin in to blood
29
where do small bowel cancers met to
ovaries, colon, stomach
30
where are small bowel carcinoids most commonly founf
appendix
31
what do small bowel carcinoids look like
small yellow, slow growing tumors
32
how do carcinoids cause carcinoid syndrome
due to the release of vasoactive peptides
33
what are the symptoms of carcinoid syndrome
flushing + diarrhoea (due to intussception and obstruction) + wheezing
34
what are small bowel carcinoids associated with
crohns and coeliac