GI cancer

Question 1

what are the types of oesophagela cancera

Answer 1

adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma

Question 2

what is squamous celll carcinoma

Answer 2

upper 2/3rd of oesophagus
rapid progression dysphagia
in the squamous epithelium / mucosa

Question 3

what are the risk factos of squamous cell carcinoma

Answer 3

alcohol, smoking

Question 4

what is an adenocarcinomas oesophagus

Answer 4

lower 1/3rd of oesophagua
arise in glandular columnar epithelim
stratified squamous to columnar

Question 5

what are adenocarcinomas associated with - O

Answer 5

plummer vinson syndrome

Question 6

what are the risk factors for adenocarcinomas - O

Answer 6

reflux eg barrets oesophagus

Question 7

what are the types of gastric cancers

Answer 7

adenocarcinoma, gastric lymphoma, GIST

Question 8

who gets adenocarcinoma - G

Answer 8

> 55s

Question 9

what are risk factors for adenocarcinoma G

Answer 9

pernicious anaemia, H pylori, smoking, diet, lynch syndrome

Question 10

what are gastric lymphomas derrived from

Answer 10

MALT

Question 11

what are gastric lymphomas associated iwth

Answer 11

b cell proliferation lymphoma

Question 12

what are the risk factors for gastric lymphomas

Answer 12

h pylori

Question 13

what is GIST

Answer 13

asymptomatic, spindle like cells on histolog

Question 14

what are the benign liver lesions

Answer 14

hemangioma, focal nodular hyperplasia, hepatic adenom, simple cyst, hyatid cyst, polystatic liver disease, liver abscess

Question 15

what is the most common type of liver malignancy

Answer 15

hepatocellular carcinoma

Question 16

what are the risk factors for HCC

Answer 16

alcohol, hep b/c

Question 17

what makers are done for HCC

Answer 17

AFP >100

Question 18

what is a cholangiocarcinoma

Answer 18

cancer of the biliary tree

Question 19

what markers are done for cholangiocarcinoma

Answer 19

increased bilirubin and ALP

Question 20

what investigations are done for HCC and cholangiocarcinoma

Answer 20

US then CT/MRI of abdomen and biopsy

Question 21

what are the endocrine pancreatic cancers

Answer 21

insulinoma, gluconoma, gastinoma

Question 22

what is the exocrine pancreas cancer

Answer 22

pancreatic adenocarcinoma

Question 23

what are the symptoms of pancreatic cancer

Answer 23

painless, obstructive jaundice, lymphodenopathy, steathorea

Question 24

what is colorectal cancer

Answer 24

malignnatn transformation of colonic polyps

Question 25

what are the genes associated with colorectal caner

Answer 25

HNPCC and FAP

Question 26

are mets or primary more common in the small bowel

Answer 26

mets

Question 27

what are some primary tumours of the small bowel

Answer 27

lymphomas, carcinoid and carcinomas

Question 28

what is carcinoid syndrome

Answer 28

secretion of excess serotonin in to blood

Question 29

where do small bowel cancers met to

Answer 29

ovaries, colon, stomach

Question 30

where are small bowel carcinoids most commonly founf

Answer 30

appendix

Question 31

what do small bowel carcinoids look like

Answer 31

small yellow, slow growing tumors

Question 32

how do carcinoids cause carcinoid syndrome

Answer 32

due to the release of vasoactive peptides

Question 33

what are the symptoms of carcinoid syndrome

Answer 33

flushing + diarrhoea (due to intussception and obstruction) + wheezing

Question 34

what are small bowel carcinoids associated with

Answer 34

crohns and coeliac