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CLASP > cancer points to learn > Flashcards

cancer points to learn Flashcards

1
Q

what is the highest grade of squamous dysplasia?

A

carcinoma in situ - benign

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2
Q

spiculation

A

a lump of tissue with spikes or points on the surface

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3
Q

tripclar mitosis

A

malignant

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4
Q

lintis plastica

A

when the stomach has thickened walls due to diffuse infiltration by cancer cells

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5
Q

what cancer does salt cause

A

gastric

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6
Q

what do calcium supplemnets do

A

increase chance of prostate cancer and decrease chance of colorectal cancer

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7
Q

who shoudl take folic acid

A

pregnant women

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8
Q

when is red wine protective

A

post menopausal - 1 a day

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9
Q

what cancers does coffee reduce the risk of

A

liver and endometrial

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10
Q

what is neureoectodermal cancer

A

cancer of malenocytes and glial cells of the CNS

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11
Q

where does lung cancer met to

A

bone, brain, adrenal and liver

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12
Q

where do sarcomas invade

A

locally - rather than via blood eg carcinoma

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13
Q

what happens to your FBC in haematological malignancies?

A

increase as malignant cells replace everyhting

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14
Q

what does a lymphoma look like

A

solid white mass - cells look like their origin as oppose to their met

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15
Q

does primary brain cancer met

A

no because of the BBB

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16
Q

what does PSA mark

A

prostate cancer - used for diagnosis and monitoring

17
Q

what is the normal reference range for PSA

A

0-4

18
Q

what is used to monitor therapy in testicular cancer

A

AFP

19
Q

what causes new bone formation

A

osteoblasts - they prododuce new ALP (Also found in biliary tree of liver)

20
Q

how do you investigate bone mets

A

isotope bone scan

21
Q

what is an adjuvant

A

after surgery - reduces risk of recurrance

22
Q

what is a neo-adjuvant

A

before surgery to shrink tumour

23
Q

what is tranzutumab

A

monoclonal antibody of HER2 and EGFR family

24
Q

what is the definitoin of cancer

A

somatic mosaicism largely caused by post-zygomatic mutations

25
Q

which genes reair DNA strand breaks

A

BRACA1, BRACA2, RAD51

26
Q

what is xeroderma pigmentation

A

single stranded DNA repair malfunction

27
Q

what cancer is HNPCC lynch syndrome realted to

A

colorectal + endometrial

28
Q

driver mutation

A

mutations that drive carcinongenesis

29
Q

passenger mutations

A

incidental mutation that happens because the tumour is unstable

30
Q

what is BRAF associated with

A

melanoma

31
Q

what is MLH1 associated with

A

bowel cancer

32
Q

what is the inheritance pattern of breast cancer

A

autosomal dominant

33
Q

what is the hormonal manipulation drug used for breast cancer

A

tamoxifen

CLASP (3 decks)

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