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GI seminar notes > GI cancer > Flashcards

GI cancer Flashcards

1
Q

Carcinoma arises from

A

epithelial cells

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2
Q

Sarcoma arises from

A

connective tissue

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3
Q

Leukemia arises from

A

bone marrow cells

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4
Q

Lymphoma/myeloma arises from

A

immune cells

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5
Q

what is an adenoma

A

comes from glandular tissue this is benign

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6
Q

secondary cancer

A

where the cancer has metastasised to

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7
Q

two main ways of metastasis

A

lymphatic/haematogenous

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8
Q

rarer types of metastasis

A

direct and transcoelomic

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9
Q

Krukenburg tumour

A

moves throught the GI tract to ovary

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10
Q

cancer risk factors

A

Genetic influence
Carcinogens
Inflammation

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11
Q

management of cancer general

A

Conservative
Medical management
Intervention
Surgical

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12
Q

where is squamous cells oesophageal cancer

A

upper two thirds

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13
Q

where is adenocarcinoma of the oesophagus

A

lower third

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14
Q

what is squamous cell carcinoma caused by

A

smoking
alcohol
hot drinks

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15
Q

investigation for oesophageal cancer

A

ODG

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16
Q

management of oesophaeal cancer

A

Surgery - esophagectomy
Stent the oesophagus for eating
RFA - burn tumour cells
Chemotherapy

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17
Q

most stomach cancers are

A

adenocarcinomas

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18
Q

anaemia with stomach cancer

A

iron deficiency

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19
Q

when do stomach cancer symptoms present

A

late

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20
Q

stomach cancer symptoms

A 
Early satiety
Bloating
Distension
Vomiting
dyspepsia
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21
Q

stomcha cancer investigation

A

endoscopy

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22
Q

Sister mary joseph nodule

A

spread of the stomach cancer to the umbilicus

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23
Q

virchows node

A

sign of stomach cancer

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24
Q

stomach cancer management

A

Chemo
Endoscopic mucosal resection
Gastrectomy

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25
Q

liver cancers are commonly

A

secondary

26
Q

what are liver cancers usually secondary to

A 
Bowel
Pancreas
Stomach
Breast 
Ovary
27
Q

examples of liver cancers

A

hepatocellular carcinoma and cholangiocarcinoma

28
Q

cancer in patients with liver cirrhosis

A

hepatocellular carcinoma

29
Q

liver cancer symptoms

A

jaundice and coagulopathy

30
Q

liver investigations

A

CT

31
Q

liver management

A 
chemo
Biliary stenting
RFA
TACE
Liver resection
32
Q

gall bladder cancer CT

A

calcified

33
Q

gall bladder cancer risk

A

chronic infection of the gallbladder

34
Q

gall bladder cancer symptoms

A

biliary colic, right upper quadrant pain worse after eating

35
Q

Extended cholescytectomy

A

removal of gall and some of the liver

36
Q

types of pancreatic cancer

A

Adenocarcinoma and IPMN

37
Q

pancreatic cancer symptoms

A

painless jaundice

38
Q

anal cancer cancer type

A

Squamous cells carcinoma

39
Q

rectal cancer risk factor

A

HPV exposure

40
Q

colon cancer management

A

Bowel surgery resection

Stent

41
Q

why is anal cancer easy to treat

A

early presentation

42
Q

best treatment for anal cancer

A

chemotherapy and radiotherapy

43
Q

where do colon cancers usually metastasize and why

A

liver

portal venous drainage

44
Q

colon cancer investigations

A

Colonoscopy, CT and MRI

45
Q

right colon cancer symptoms

A

Anaemia
Mass
Pain

46
Q

right colon cancer anaemia

A

iron deficient

47
Q

left colon symptoms

A

Bleeding
Change in bowel habit
obstruction

48
Q

rectal symptoms

A

Bleeding

Tenesmus

49
Q

Tenesmus

A

still need a poo

50
Q

colon cancer genetics

A

FAP and HNPCC

51
Q

why do you get painless jaundice in pancreatic cancer

A

pancreatic duct and common bile duct is blocked

52
Q

which pancreas cancers have better outcomes

A

head - earlier picked up

53
Q

Double duct sign

A

dilatation of common bile duct and pancreatic duct seen on CT/MRI

54
Q

investigation for pancreatic cancer

A

EUS

55
Q

pancreatic cancer treatment

A

Whipple’s operation - rare

Stent bile duct for symptom control

56
Q

most small bowel are

A

adenocarcinomas

57
Q

outcome of small bowel

A

bad as no symptoms

58
Q

small bowel investigation

A

CT MRI

59
Q

large bowel genetic predisposition

A

FAP and HNPCC

60
Q

first line treatment for anal cancer

A

chemotherapy and radiotherapy

61
Q

why do you remove the whole right colon in cecum cancer

A

arterial supply is removed

GI seminar notes (7 decks)

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