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GI seminar notes > acute GI bleed > Flashcards

acute GI bleed Flashcards

1
Q

major causes of GI bleed

A

Peptic ulcer disease
Varices
Tumours
Mallory weiss tear

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2
Q

two types of haematemesis

A

coffee ground

bright red

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3
Q

worse type of bleeding with haematemesis

A

bright red

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4
Q

upper GI bleeds common in

A

men and elderly

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5
Q

what do you get with moderate blood loss

A

hypotension and tachycardia

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6
Q

what do you get with a massive bleed

A

shock

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7
Q

types of scoring for GI bleed

A

rockall

blatchford

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8
Q

blatchford criteria

A

blood urea, haemoglobin and systolic blood pressure

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9
Q

how do you know an ulcer is cancerous

A

rolled edge

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10
Q

Common side effect of erythromycin

A

nausea, vomiting, tummy cramps and diarrhoea

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11
Q

how to get rid of clots

A

Erythromycin

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12
Q

why is Erythromycin good to remove clots

A

most potent stimulant of the motilin receptor

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13
Q

what is motilin for

A

increases gastric motility

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14
Q

which duodenal ulcers are more likely to bleed posterior or anterior

A

posterior

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15
Q

why is posterior more likely to bleed

A

Pancreaticoduodenal artery

nothing in front of the anterior

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16
Q

whats in the blood we give to patients

A

no platelets, while cells or plasma

17
Q

what is the anticoagulant added to blood

A

sodium citrate

18
Q

sodium citrate work?

A

without calcium ions blood cant clot

19
Q

massive transfusion

A

one circulating volume in 24 hours

20
Q

what can go wrong if you give a massive transfusion

A

dilutional coagulopathy
hypothermia
hypokalaemia

21
Q

why do you get hypothermia with a transfusion

A

blood is stored at 4 degrees

22
Q

why do you get hypokalaemia with a transfusion

A

in storage potassium moves extracellularly

23
Q

haematemesis is always

A

upper GI bleed

24
Q

what to give for varicel bleed

A

vassopressin analogue

25
Q

why give PPI for bleed

A

lower pH = no pepsin to break up the clot

lower pH = platelets work better

26
Q

precursor of pepsin

A

pepsinogen

27
Q

what is pepsinogen cleaved by

A

acid

28
Q

endoscopy treatment for varicel bleed

A

banding

29
Q

red wheel sign

A

varicel recent bleed

30
Q

what to do for varicel bleed if endoscopy treatment dosent work

A

balloon tamponade, TIPS and surgery for shunt

31
Q

risk with TIPS

A

ammonia induced hepatic encephalopathy

32
Q

usually do lower bleeds hurt

A

no

33
Q

if a lower GI bleed hurts what to consider

A

ischemic colitis

GI seminar notes (7 decks)

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