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MET 3A > GI bleeding > Flashcards

GI bleeding Flashcards

1
Q

What is melena

A

Black tarry stool

Associated with upper GI bleed

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2
Q

What is Haematemesis

A

Blood in the vomit

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3
Q

What does coffee granule vomit suggest

A

Peptic ulcer

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4
Q

What is Hematochezia

A

Fresh blood in the stool

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5
Q

What ligament can be used to distinguish between upper and lower GI bleed

A

Ligament of Trietz

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6
Q

What does the blatchford score tell

A

Assesses the need for endoscopic investigation

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7
Q

What does the Rockall score tell us and when is it done

A

tells us the risk of rebleeding

post endoscopy

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8
Q

What are some methods of fluid resus

A
  • 2 big cannulas with slow saline
  • Fluid transfunsion
  • CVP line
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9
Q

What are the potential complications of a massive blood transfusion

A
  • Platelets/ clotting factors
  • Hypocalcaemia
  • Hyperkalaemia
  • Hypothermia
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10
Q

What are varices

A

Dlated submucosal veins in the lower oesophagus

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11
Q

What can cause varices

A
  • Cirrhosis
  • Venous occlusion
  • Schisosomiasis
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12
Q

What can causes a mallory weiss tear

A

Forceful vomiting

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13
Q

What is ischaemic colitis

A

Ischaemic bowel leads to inflammation

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14
Q

What is the most common site of ischaemic colitis

A

Sigmoid flexure

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15
Q

What constitutes a massive blood transfusion

A

10 units in 24 hours

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16
Q

How quickly should you aim to do an endoscopy for oesophageal varices

A

4 hours

17
Q

What is an endoscopy used for

A
  • Identifying the sites
  • Estimate risk of surgery
  • Banding
18
Q

Give an example of radiological intervention

A

CT angiogram with angiography to embolise the vessel

19
Q

What are the indications for surgery in upper gi bleed

A

Uncontrolled further haemorrhage

Endoscopic treatment

20
Q

What positioned duodenal ulcer is most likely to bleedd

A

Posterior

21
Q

What endoscopic treatments may be used for varices

A
  • Banding

- Sengasten- Blachemore tube if actively bleeding

MET 3A (15 decks)

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