GI and Repro

Question 1

learning objective - understand the mechanisms of NSAIDs toxicosis and how the treatment relates to its ingestion

Answer 1

NSAIDs are COX inhibitory which would provide homeostatic mechanisms, especially with prostaglandin (brings Bicarb to GI) Without COX, the lack of protection against the acidic environment predisposes the stomach to ulceration. Ranitidine and other H2 blockers prevent acid secretion and sucralfate coats the stomach and misoprostol prevents acid secretion and enhances mucus secretion.

Question 2

learning objective - know and diagnose other common toxicants that upset or damage the mucosa

Answer 2

NSAIDs - gastric ulcers
Arsenic - gastroenteritis
zinc - corrosive salts -> gastroenteritis
soap - v/d
scouring powder/bleach - corrosive to membranes
disinfectants - corrosive esophageal burns, irritated MM
automatic dishwasher detergents - gastric erosion, GI pain
toilet bowl cleaner - acidic! GI ulcers

Question 3

cats are sensitive to aspirin due to

Answer 3

lack of glucuronidation

Question 4

NSAIDsf cause renal toxicity due to inhibition of _______ synthesis and renal blood flow. Gastric irritation and ulceration is a common problem with _________.
In cases of perforation due to ulcers, signs will include _____ MM.

Answer 4

prostaglandin
chronic toxicity
dark red

Question 5

1 priority pollutant?!?!?

Answer 5

arsenic

1 billion people around the world!!!

Question 6

Two forms of arsenic.

1. _______ metabolized in rumen and reduces available metabolic energy (some converted to second form)
2. ______ binds SH inhibits oxidative phosphorylation

Answer 6

pentavalent

trivalent

Question 7

acute or chronic arsenic exposure causes intense abdominal pain and ______ in dogs, weakness staggering, PU/PD progressing to anuria and dehydration, _________ in subnormal temperatures and ____ related signs of salivation, trembling, depression and posterior paresis.

Answer 7

gastroenteritis
cold extremities due to poor perfusion
CNS signs

Question 8

brick red gut or abomasum

Answer 8

arsenic toxicity

Question 9

consider ______ when sudden death in or around water

Answer 9

arsenic

Question 10

Treatment of inorganic arsenic is _____ therapy, using _____ or ____.

Answer 10

chelation therapy

dimercaprol or thiosulfate

Question 11

vomiting, depression, hemolytic anemia, jaundice, pancreatitis, enteritis are all signs of _____ toxicity. Patients often have _____ , regenerative anemia, thrombocytopenia, elevated liver, kidney and pancreatic enzymes and hemoglobinuria.

Answer 11

zinc

heinz bodies

Question 12

Treating zinc toxicity

Answer 12

remove foreign bodies

proton pump inhibitors(omeprazole) or H2 blockers will decrease absorbtion of zinc salts.

Question 13

Treatment for soaps or shampoos?

Answer 13

dilute with milk or water

Question 14

Scouring powders and bleaches cause liquefactive necrosis, because they’re alkaline they have a _____ effect on skin and mucous membranes. Signs are vomiting, drooling and abdominal pain.

Answer 14

corrosive

Question 15

treat scouring powder or bleach with ________, gastroprotectatns, avoid emesis or lavage due to caustic nature, ________ and cathartics can be used except with very caustic exposures

Answer 15

milk/water

acivated charcoal

Question 16

Two types of disinfectants:

1. _____(brand?) which denatures and precipitates proteins destroying cells it comes in contact with.
2. _____(brand?) which irritates MMs, can be detoxified by glucuronidation

Answer 16

1. Phenols (Lysol)

2. Pine oils (Pine-sol)

Question 17

What will present with corrosive esophageal burns, vomiting, hypersalivation, ataxia, panting and can progress to shock, arrhythmias, MetHb, hepatic and renal damage?

Answer 17

Phenol toxicity (disinfectant)

Question 18

What will present with nausea, hypersalivation, vloody vomit, abdominal pain, ataxia, hypotension, respiratory depression, acute renal failure and pulmonary edema?

Answer 18

Pine oil toxicity (disinfectant)

Question 19

Treatment for disinfectants?

Answer 19

gastroprotectants (milk/eggs), dilute with activated charcoal or cathartic, 1% methylene blue for MetHb, emesis and lavage contraindicated due to aspiration pneumonia

Question 20

automatic dishwasher detergents toxic due to high ______. signs are v/d, salivation, GI pain, oral/esophageal/gastric erosions.
Treat with ______, analgesia/steroids for inflam.

Answer 20

alkalinity

dilute with milk or water

Question 21

Toilet bowl cleaner is ___! vomiting salivation, dysphagia, pain, GI ulcers. Dilute with milk or water, steroids if stricture is possible. _________ are contraindicated.

Answer 21

acidic!

emesis, lavage, activated charcoal and catharsis

Question 22

Plants make ________ as a protective mechanism, messes with large animal reproductive systems.

Answer 22

phytoestrogens

Question 23

Metabolite of Fusarium, affects grains, very heat stable and resistant to mold.
_____ are resistant.

Answer 23

Zearalenone.

chickens are resistant.

Question 24

Zearalenone causes ______ syndrome. vulvovaginitis and estrogenic responses in swine.

Answer 24

hyperestrogen

Question 25

Zearalenone diagnosis?

Answer 25

reversal of symptoms when feed is changed, presence in feed.