GI and Groin Signs Flashcards
What is this and what disease can they occur frequently in?
Aphthous mouth ulcer
- Crohn’s disease
- Ulcerative colitis
What is this?
Colostomy
Should you normally feel the spleen?
No - needs to be 3x normal size
What is this called?
Angular stomatitis
What is this?
Leukonychia
What can glossitis be a sign of?
- Iron deficiency
- B12 deficiency
- Folate deficiency
What is this?
Koilonychia
What is generalised guarding suggestive of?
Peritonitis
What is the difference between colostomy and ileostomy in terms of examination?
Normally an ileostomy is found in the RIF and colostomy in the LIF (colosotmy can be found at other sites however so be aware and probs just best to call a stoma bag suggestive of bowel resection)
What is Caput medusae a sign of?
Portal hypertension due to liver disease
What scar is Daniel Craig modeling here on his abdomen?
Appendicectomy
What appearance does this patient have?
Anaemia
What is angular stomatitis a sign of?
Iron deficiency
Are Cullen’s or Grey-Turner’s likely to come up in an OSCE?
No - unless the examiner wants you to watch a patient die pretty quickly
What is Cullen’s sign suggestive of?
Retroperitoneal bleed e.g. due to pancreatitis/ruptured AAA
What is this?
Striae (stretch marks)
What is Grey-Turner’s sign suggestive of?
Retroperitoneal bleed
What is this bruising called?
Cullen’s sign
What is this?
Acanthosis nigricans
What is this bruising called?
Grey-Turner’s sign
What is this most likely to be?
Femoral hernia
What is this scar from?
Laparotomy
What can a flap (after holding hands dorsiflexed for 15 seconds) be a sign of?
- Hepatic encephalopathy
- Uraemia
- CO2 retention
What is the abnormality here?
Enlarged Virchow’s node - possible metastasis of GI malignancy
What is this most likely to be?
Inguinal hernia
What can cause palmar erythema?
- Liver disease
- Pregnancy
What is xanthelasma a sign of?
Hyperlipidaemia
What does this patient show and what may they be at risk of?
Track marks from IV drug use
-
Risk of BBV including Hep B and C
What can cause stretch marks?
- Pregnancy
- Cushing’s
- Chronic abdominal distension (with/without loss of distension e.g. after ascites)
What can cause acanthosis nigricans?
- GI adenocarcinoma
- Obesity
What procedure is this scar from?
C-section
What is a significant number of spider naevi on the chest suggestive of?
Chronic liver disease
What is this a sign of?
Oral candidiasis - possibly due to immunodeficiency
What is dupuytren’s contracture associated with?
- Alcohol excess
- Family history
What is this?
Caput Medusae
What is this a sign of?
Significant anaemia
Should you normally feel the liver?
No
What GI problems can cause finger clubbing?
- IBD
- Cirrhosis
- Coeliac disease
Should you normally feel the gallbladder?
No
What can excessive bruising suggest?
Abnormal coagulation secondary to liver failure
What is tinkling bowel sounds suggestive of?
Bowel obstruction
What is this?
Xanthelasma
What does this patient have?
Abdominal distension (due to ascites)
What does this patient show and what can it be a result of?
Excoriations
Itching due to cholestasis
What is this sign and what does it suggest?
Coffee bean sign
Sigmoid volvulus
How many spider naevi on the chest are relevant?
>5
What is rebound tenderness a sign of?
Peritonitis
What is this?
Spider naevi
What happens in Dupuytren’s contracture?
Thickening of the palmar fascia
What signs can you see here?
- Glossitis
- Angular stomatitis
What does this AXR show?
Large bowel obstruction
What does this AXR show?
Small bowel obstruction
What is this?
Dupuytren’s contracture
What can cause leukonychia?
Hypoalbuminaemia - (liver failure)
What is this a sign of?
Jaundice i.e. hyperbilirubinaemia
What is absent bowel sounds suggestive of?
- Ileus
- Peritonitis
What is the abnormality and what may it be suggestive of?
Gynaecomastia
May suggest liver cirrhosis
What is this?
Ileostomy
What can cause koilonychia?
Chronic iron deficiency
What is this?
Palmar erythema
What appearance does this patient have?
Jaundice
What is this?
Finger clubbing
With your hand over the deep inguinal ring and asking the patient to cough, the hernia re-appears, what is the likely type of hernia?
Direct inguinal hernia
What is the site of weakness in a direct inguinal hernia?
Hesselbach’s Triangle
What does the viscera pass through in an indirect inguinal hernia?
Deep inguinal ring
Where does bowel herniate into in a femoral hernia?
Femoral ring
