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OSCE > GI and Groin Signs > Flashcards

GI and Groin Signs Flashcards

1
Q

What is this and what disease can they occur frequently in?

A

Aphthous mouth ulcer

  • Crohn’s disease
  • Ulcerative colitis
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2
Q

What is this?

A

Colostomy

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3
Q

Should you normally feel the spleen?

A

No - needs to be 3x normal size

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4
Q

What is this called?

A

Angular stomatitis

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5
Q

What is this?

A

Leukonychia

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6
Q

What can glossitis be a sign of?

A
  • Iron deficiency
  • B12 deficiency
  • Folate deficiency
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7
Q

What is this?

A

Koilonychia

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8
Q

What is generalised guarding suggestive of?

A

Peritonitis

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9
Q

What is the difference between colostomy and ileostomy in terms of examination?

A

Normally an ileostomy is found in the RIF and colostomy in the LIF (colosotmy can be found at other sites however so be aware and probs just best to call a stoma bag suggestive of bowel resection)

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10
Q

What is Caput medusae a sign of?

A

Portal hypertension due to liver disease

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11
Q

What scar is Daniel Craig modeling here on his abdomen?

A

Appendicectomy

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12
Q

What appearance does this patient have?

A

Anaemia

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13
Q

What is angular stomatitis a sign of?

A

Iron deficiency

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14
Q

Are Cullen’s or Grey-Turner’s likely to come up in an OSCE?

A

No - unless the examiner wants you to watch a patient die pretty quickly

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15
Q

What is Cullen’s sign suggestive of?

A

Retroperitoneal bleed e.g. due to pancreatitis/ruptured AAA

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16
Q

What is this?

A

Striae (stretch marks)

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17
Q

What is Grey-Turner’s sign suggestive of?

A

Retroperitoneal bleed

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18
Q

What is this bruising called?

A

Cullen’s sign

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19
Q

What is this?

A

Acanthosis nigricans

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20
Q

What is this bruising called?

A

Grey-Turner’s sign

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21
Q

What is this most likely to be?

A

Femoral hernia

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22
Q

What is this scar from?

A

Laparotomy

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23
Q

What can a flap (after holding hands dorsiflexed for 15 seconds) be a sign of?

A
  • Hepatic encephalopathy
  • Uraemia
  • CO2 retention
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24
Q

What is the abnormality here?

A

Enlarged Virchow’s node - possible metastasis of GI malignancy

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25
Q

What is this most likely to be?

A

Inguinal hernia

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26
Q

What can cause palmar erythema?

A
  • Liver disease
  • Pregnancy
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27
Q

What is xanthelasma a sign of?

A

Hyperlipidaemia

28
Q

What does this patient show and what may they be at risk of?

A

Track marks from IV drug use

-

Risk of BBV including Hep B and C

29
Q

What can cause stretch marks?

A
  • Pregnancy
  • Cushing’s
  • Chronic abdominal distension (with/without loss of distension e.g. after ascites)
30
Q

What can cause acanthosis nigricans?

A
  • GI adenocarcinoma
  • Obesity
31
Q

What procedure is this scar from?

A

C-section

32
Q

What is a significant number of spider naevi on the chest suggestive of?

A

Chronic liver disease

33
Q

What is this a sign of?

A

Oral candidiasis - possibly due to immunodeficiency

34
Q

What is dupuytren’s contracture associated with?

A
  • Alcohol excess
  • Family history
35
Q

What is this?

A

Caput Medusae

36
Q

What is this a sign of?

A

Significant anaemia

37
Q

Should you normally feel the liver?

A

No

38
Q

What GI problems can cause finger clubbing?

A
  • IBD
  • Cirrhosis
  • Coeliac disease
39
Q

Should you normally feel the gallbladder?

A

No

40
Q

What can excessive bruising suggest?

A

Abnormal coagulation secondary to liver failure

41
Q

What is tinkling bowel sounds suggestive of?

A

Bowel obstruction

42
Q

What is this?

A

Xanthelasma

43
Q

What does this patient have?

A

Abdominal distension (due to ascites)

44
Q

What does this patient show and what can it be a result of?

A

Excoriations

Itching due to cholestasis

45
Q

What is this sign and what does it suggest?

A

Coffee bean sign

Sigmoid volvulus

46
Q

How many spider naevi on the chest are relevant?

A

>5

47
Q

What is rebound tenderness a sign of?

A

Peritonitis

48
Q

What is this?

A

Spider naevi

49
Q

What happens in Dupuytren’s contracture?

A

Thickening of the palmar fascia

50
Q

What signs can you see here?

A
  • Glossitis
  • Angular stomatitis
51
Q

What does this AXR show?

A

Large bowel obstruction

52
Q

What does this AXR show?

A

Small bowel obstruction

53
Q

What is this?

A

Dupuytren’s contracture

54
Q

What can cause leukonychia?

A

Hypoalbuminaemia - (liver failure)

55
Q

What is this a sign of?

A

Jaundice i.e. hyperbilirubinaemia

56
Q

What is absent bowel sounds suggestive of?

A
  • Ileus
  • Peritonitis
57
Q

What is the abnormality and what may it be suggestive of?

A

Gynaecomastia

May suggest liver cirrhosis

58
Q

What is this?

A

Ileostomy

59
Q

What can cause koilonychia?

A

Chronic iron deficiency

60
Q

What is this?

A

Palmar erythema

61
Q

What appearance does this patient have?

A

Jaundice

62
Q

What is this?

A

Finger clubbing

63
Q

With your hand over the deep inguinal ring and asking the patient to cough, the hernia re-appears, what is the likely type of hernia?

A

Direct inguinal hernia

64
Q

What is the site of weakness in a direct inguinal hernia?

A

Hesselbach’s Triangle

65
Q

What does the viscera pass through in an indirect inguinal hernia?

A

Deep inguinal ring

66
Q

Where does bowel herniate into in a femoral hernia?

A

Femoral ring

67
Q
A

OSCE (19 decks)

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