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OSCE > CVS signs > Flashcards

CVS signs Flashcards

1
Q

What is this?

A

Finger clubbing

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2
Q

What is angular stomatitis a sign of?

A

Iron deficiency

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3
Q

What is this?

A

Angular stomatitis

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4
Q

What is slow-rising pulse in the carotid artery assocaited with?

A

Aortic stenosis

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5
Q

What is the pathology on this ECG?

A

Second degree heart block type 2

  • Irregularly irregular rhythm
  • Dropped QRS complexes
  • No progression of PR interval
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6
Q

What is the patholgoy in this ECG?

A

Atrial flutter

  • Sawtooth baseline
  • Irregularly irregular rhythm
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7
Q

What is this scar from?

A

Sternotomy

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8
Q

What is a parasternal heave?

A

When the heel of your hand is pushed upwards during systole due to right ventricular hypertrophy

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9
Q

What is going on with this thumb?

A

Osler’s nodes

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10
Q

What is the pathology on this ECG?

A

Right axis deviation

  • Mostly positive in aVF
  • Mostly negative in I
  • isoelectric in II
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11
Q

What is the pathology on this ECG?

A

First degree heart block

  • Prolonged PR interval
  • Regular rhythm
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12
Q

Where do you listen for the tricuspid valve?

A

4/5th intercostal space left sternal edge

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13
Q

How do you feel for thrills?

A

Flat hand over each valve area

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14
Q

Describe this murmur and what it is caused by

A

Systolic crescendo-decrescendo murmur

Aortic stensosis

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15
Q

What is this?

A

Splinter Haemorrhages

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16
Q

What is corneal arcus a sign of?

A

Hyperlipidaemia

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17
Q

What is this?

A

Xanthalasma

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18
Q

What are splinter haemorrhages a sign of?

A

Infective endocarditis

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19
Q

What is the pathology on this ECG?

A

Atrial fibrilation

  • Irregularly irregular rhythm
  • Absent P waves
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20
Q

What can you see on this person?

A
  • Pacemaker
  • Sternotomy scar

(Two for one here!)

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21
Q

What are we worried about?

A

Infective endocarditis

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22
Q

What is the pathology on this ECG?

A

LBBB

  • Widened QRS complex
  • V1 - WiLLiaM - V6
23
Q

Where do you listen for the pulmonic valve?

A

2nd intercostal space left sternal edge

25
Q

What surgeries can require sternotomy?

A
  • CABG
  • Valve surgery
26
Q

What is the pathology on this ECG?

A

Second degree heart block (Type 1 aka Wenkebach)

  • Progressively prolonged PR interval with a dropped beat and reset
  • Regularly irregular rhythm
27
Q

What is a thrill?

A

A palpable murmur (i.e. a vibration due to turbulent blood flow through a valve)

28
Q

What’s going on with the palm?

A

Janeway lesions

29
Q

What is the pathology on this ECG?

A

WPW

  • Delta Waves
  • Borderline tachycardic
  • Inverted T waves
30
Q

What is tendinous xanthoma a sign of?

A

Hyperlipidaemia

31
Q

What is the difference between Osler’s nodes and Janeway lesions?

A
  • Osler’s nodes are painful
  • Janeway lesions aren’t
  • Osler’s nodes appear on the finger and thumb pads
  • Janeway lesions are more on the palms and soles
  • Osler’s nodes are due to immune complexes
  • ​Janeway lesions are cardiac emboli
32
Q

What is this a sign of?

33
Q

Describe this murmur and what most likely causes it

A

Diastolic murmur

Mitral stensosis

34
Q

What is the pathology on this ECG?

A

RBBB

  • Prolonged QRS (>0.12s)
  • V1 - MaRRoW - V6
35
Q

What is this?

A

Tendinous xanthoma

36
Q

What is the pathology on this ECG and where has it occured and what has been affected?

A

STEMI - Inferior - RCA and Circumflex

37
Q

Where do you listen for the mitral valve?

A

5th intercostal space mid-clavicular line

38
Q

What can clubbing be a sign of?

A
  • Endocarditis
  • Cyanotic congenital heart disease
39
Q

How do you feel for heaves?

A

Place heel of hand on the left sternal edge

40
Q

What is this?

A

Central cyanosis

41
Q

What is this?

A

Tar staining

42
Q

What can a radio-radial delay suggest?

A

Co-arctation of the aorta

43
Q

What is this?

A

Peripheral cyanosis

44
Q

What is the pathology of this ECG and where has it taken place and what has been affected?

A

NSTEMI - Infeirior and lateral aspects - most likely the left circumflex artery

45
Q

What is the pathology in this ECG?

A

Left axis deviation

  • Mostly positive in I
  • Mostly negative in II an aVF
46
Q

What is this?

A

Corneal arcus

47
Q

Describe this murmur and what most likely causes it

A

Pansystolic murmur

Mitral regurgitation

48
Q

What is this?

49
Q

What is a collpasing pulse associated with?

A

Aortic regurgitation

50
Q

What is xanthalasma a sign of?

A

Hyperlipidaemia

51
Q

What are Osler’s nodes and Janeway lesions signs of?

A

Infective endocarditis

52
Q

Where do you listen for the aortic valve?

A

2nd intercostal space right sternal edge

53
Q

Pnemonic for heart valves?

A

Starting right sternal edge 2nd intercostal space it goes:

All - aortic

Prostitutes - pulmonic

Take - tricuspid

Money - mitral

54
Q

What is the pathology on this ECG?

A

Third degree heart block

  • No relationship between P wave and QRS complex
  • Irregularly irregular rhythm

OSCE (19 decks)

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