GI Anatomy Flashcards by Emma Castle

Which artery is the upper third of the oesophagus supplied by?

Inferior thyroid artery

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Which vein does blood from the lower third of the oesophagus drain into?

Left gastric vein

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At which spinal level does the oesophagus begin?

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What is the name of the line dividing the rectum from the anal canal?

Pectinate line

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In which week of development does the anal membrane break down to form an opening?

Week 8

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What is the phrenicocolic ligament?

A double layer of peritoneum which suspends the left (splenic) flex urge of the colon from the undersurface of the diaphragm.

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At what point does the pancreatic duct join the bile duct? Through which opening does this then lead to the duodenal lumen?

Hepatopancreatic ampulla

Major duodenal papilla (sphincter of Oddi)

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What structure of gland is the most common in the GI tract?

Compound tubuloacinar

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Which type of cell ‘squeezes’ secretions out of the acinus of a gland?

Myoepithelial

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In pancreas histology, which three things stain light pink?

Islets of Langerhan’s, vessels and nerves

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What is the name of the line dividing the rectum from the anal canal?

Pectinate line

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In which week of development does the anal membrane break down to form an opening?

Week 8

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What is the phrenicocolic ligament?

A double layer of peritoneum which suspends the left (splenic) flex urge of the colon from the undersurface of the diaphragm.

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At what point does the pancreatic duct join the bile duct? Through which opening does this then lead to the duodenal lumen?

Hepatopancreatic ampulla

Major duodenal papilla (sphincter of Oddi)

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What structure of gland is the most common in the GI tract?

Compound tubuloacinar

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Which type of cell ‘squeezes’ secretions out of the acinus of a gland?

Myoepithelial

In pancreas histology, which three things stain light pink?

Islets of Langerhan’s, vessels and nerves

Which vessels does the gastro splenic ligament enclose?

Short gastric and left gastroepiploic vessels

Against the posterior surfaces of which ribs does the spleen lie?

9-11th

What are the folds in the internal wall of the stomach called?

Rugae

What are four differences between jejunum and ileum?

Jejunum is thicker, more vascular, has more plicae circularis and has fewer Peyer’s patches

What are the 5 branches of the superior mesenteric artery?

Inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery 
Jejunal/ileal branches (12-15) form arcades
Ileocolic artery 
Middle colic artery
Right colic artery

What is the longitudinal layer of muscle in the large intestine called?

Teniae coli

What name is given to the puckered appearance of the colon?

Sacculations/Haustrations

At was spinal level does the sigmoid colon reach the midline to become the rectum?

At what spinal level does the inferior mesenteric artery arise? And what are its three branches?

L3 Left colic Sigmoid arteries (2/3) Superior rectal artery

How does the superior mesenteric vein travel in relation to the duodenum and pancreas?

Crosses horizontal part of duodenum and runs behind neck of pancreas to join splenic vein

What is the name of the band of muscle that forms the pelvic floor Asa. Sling around the anorectal/perineal flexure?

Puborectalis muscle

Describe the two anal sphincters and the two nerves that supply the external one.

Internal - circular smooth muscle (autonomic). SNS contract so closes. External - 3 layers of striated muscle. Supplied by inferior rectal branch of pudendal nerve and the perineal branch of the S4 nerve

What is the name given to the large spaces on either side if the anal canal? What do they contain? Which muscle makes up their lateral walls?

Ischioanal fossae. Contain fibrous tissue and fat. Lateral wall = obturator internus muscle

What structures do the pudendal canals (within the obturator fascia) contain?

Internal pudendal vessels (from internal iliac) and pudendal nerve(from sacral plexus)

What is the name of the process of the pancreas near the head?

Uncinate process

In which embryological week does the gut reenter into the abdominal cavity from the umbilical cord?

10th

Which nerves supply each of the pharyngeal arches?

I - CN V3 II - CN VII III - CN IX - stylopharyngeus IV and VI - CN X

What structures form from each of the 4 pharyngeal pouches?

I - middle ear and auditory tube II - palatine tonsil III - parathyroid glands and thymus IV - parathyroid glands