GI

Question 1

5 Symptoms of diarrhoea

Answer 1

Increased in bowel movements, watery stools, abdominal cramps, loss of appetite, nausea, headache

Question 2

7 Red-flags of diarrhoea (including days)

Answer 2

blood or black stools, vomiting persistently, loss of weight, fever, recent travel abroad, recently discharged or course of antibiotics, OLDER CHILDREN & ADULT= 3 days, ELDERLY OR CHILDREN under 3 = 2 days, CHILDREN younger than 1= 1 day

Question 3

6 Symptoms of constipation

Answer 3

Stools are dry and hard, reduced frequency in stools, strain, loss of appetite, nauseous, stomach cramps, child soils clothes, child feels unwell, child has lack of energy, easily irritable

Question 4

9 Red flags of constipation

Answer 4

constipated for 2 weeks or longer, unexplained change in bowel habit, mass in the lower right abdomen, persistent rectal bleeding, family history of colon cancer, IBS, unexplained weight loss, anaemia, fever, nocturnal symptom ie getting bunged up at night, unresponsive to treatment, treatment failure . pain

Question 5

7 Symptoms of heamhorrhoids

Answer 5

pain, irritation and itching, bleeding, constipation, swelling and discomfort in perianal area, external haemhorroids include when the swollen vascular cushions swell so much they hang out the anus= external piles.

Question 6

8 Red flags of heamhorrhoids

Answer 6

duration longer than 3 weeks, significant pain, blood in stools, recurrent piles, associated abdominal pain and vomiting, change in bowel habits, fever or weight loss, if the patient has tenesmus which is the desire to defecate while there is no stool, suspected drug-induced constipation

Question 7

4 Symptoms of heartburn and indigestion

Answer 7

pain/burning sensation felt in stomach that might travel up behind the backbone, acid taste in the mouth, pregnancy- very common.

Question 8

8 Red flags of heartburn and indigestion

Answer 8

treatment failure to antacids, if its to do with the medication they’re taking ie NSAIDs, aspirin etc, difficulty swallowing, children, increasing severity, regurgitation, pain radiation to arms/jaw/face, long duration

Question 9

4 Symptoms of threadworm

Answer 9

parasitic infection very common in young children with white threadlike worms in stool , bottom itch SPECIFICALLY at night leading to loss of sleep and irritability, physically seeing the threadowrms in their stools

Question 10

11 Red flags of threadworm

Answer 10

children under 2, recent travel abroad, pregnant/bf, treatment failure, Signs of secondary bacterial infection, Any doubt about the diagnosis, Fever, bedwetting, vaginal discharge, Vomiting, diarrhoea, unexplained weight loss

Question 11

7 Symptoms of an ulcer

Answer 11

painful sores lining the inside of the mouth, swollen skin around the sores, problems chewing or brushing, irritation by spicy food, loss of appetite, previous history of ulcers,

Question 12

8 Red flags for ulcers

Answer 12

duration of longer than 3 weeks, associated weight loss, rash, diarrhoea, suspected drug reaction ie nsaids, signs of oral cancer, bleeding that wont heal and lasts more than 2 weeks, swelling in the neck that lasts more than 2 weeks, lump in the check that doesn’t go away, numbness of tongue or mouth, area in mouth becoming discoloured, nagging mouth pain

Question 13

Symptoms of travel sickness

Answer 13

dizziness, feeling unwell or tired, nausea and vomiting, headache, dizziness

Question 14

Red flags of travel sickness

Answer 14

Any individuals with severe vomiting, loss of balance, or worsening of symptoms, experiencing symptoms for a number of days following travel

Question 15

Symptoms of IBS

Answer 15

Abdominal pain often after eating, severe bloating, alternative constipation and diarrhoea, urgency in the morning, nausea, lethargic

Question 16

Red flags of IBS

Answer 16

Older person/children with NO history of IBS, pregnant, blood in stool, unexplained weight loss, signs of bowel obstruction