Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

mOSCEs > GI > Flashcards

GI Flashcards

1
Q

leukonychia: what is it and GI causes

A

whitening of nail bed

hypoalbuminaemia –> liver disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

koilonychia: what is it and GI causes

A

spoon nails

anaemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

GI causes of finger clubbing

A

liver cirrhosis
IBD
coeliac

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

GI cause of asterixis (flapping tremor)

A

hepatic encephalopathy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

GI cause palmar erythema

A

chronic liver disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

cause of duputren’s contracture

A

alcohol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

GI cause bruising

A

clotting abnormalities caused by liver dysfunction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

GI cause scratch marks

A

chronic cholestasis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what is parotid swelling caused by

A

alcohol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what do look for in eyes of GI examination

A

jaundice

conjuncival pallor –> anaemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what do look for in mouth when GI examination

A 
angular stomatitis (Fe def anaemia) 
odur of foetor hepaticus)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

where is Virchow’s node

A

left supraclavicular fossa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what do we look for on chest during GI examination

A

spider naevii
gyncaecomastia
hair loss

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

leg signs during GI examination

A

peripheral oedema - hypoalbuminaemia (liver failure)
hair loss
erythema nodosum - IBD

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

9 regions abdomen

A 
R + L hypochondriac
epigastric 
R + L lumbar 
umbillical 
R + L inguinal 
hypogastric
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what looks for when inspecting abdomen

A 
scars
adbominal distension 
caput medusae
striae 
movement with respiration 
stoma 
petechiae 
visible pulsation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

causes of abdominal distension

A 
fat 
flatus
faeces 
fluid 
foetus
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what are caput medusae a sign of

A

portal hypertension

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what do we look for during light palpation of abdomen

A 
tenderness
rebound tenderness
involuntary guarding 
Rovsing's sign 
masses
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what is rebound tenderness a sign of

A

peritonitis e.g. appendicitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what is rovsing’s sign and what does it suggest

A

palpation of left iliac fossa causes pain in right iliac fossa

peritonitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

what may be felt normally during deep palpation of abdomen

A

pulsation of abdo aorta
caecum (R. iliac)
desc. and sigmoid colon (L)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what do we need to talk about when describing a mass felt

A

location: which region of abdomen
approx size and shape
consistency: smooth, soft, hard, irregular
mobility: is it attached to surrounding structures
does it pulse

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

when palpating liver what do need to talk about

A

is it palpable?
degree extension below costal margin (>2cm hepatomegaly)
consistency (nodular = cirrhosis)
tender (if so then hepatitis, cholecystitis)
is it pulsatile (tricuspid regurgitation)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
causes of hepatomegaly
``` hepatitis hepatocellular carcinoma haemachromatosis leukaemia myleoma haemolytic anaemia tricuspid regurgitation glandular fever ```
26
causes of splenomegaly
congestive heart failure haemolytic anaemia portal HTN 2nd to cirrhosis splenic metastases
27
can kidneys be palpated
occasionally in very slim person may feel lower pole of R kidney
28
causes of enlarged kidneys
polycystic kidney disease renal tumour amyloidosis
29
tinkling bowel sound
bowel obstruction
30
absent bowel sounda
>2min listenign paralytic ileus
31
abominal aorta bruit
atheroma | aneurysm
32
renal artery bruit
renal artery stenosis
33
liver bruit
hepatocellular cancer
34
splenic bruit
A-V fistula
35
hepatic rub | splenic rub
rub indicated inflammation of capsule surrounding organ
36
GI systemic enquiry
``` appetite/weight loss or change mouth/teeth/tongue dysphagia dyspepsia/heartburn nausea/vomitting haematemesis fat intolerance jaundice abdominal distension + bloating abdominal pain bowel habit (change, constipation, diarrhoea, blood, mucus, meleana, faecal incontinence) perinanal symptoms - pain, itching ```
37
jaundice: what is it and | GI causes of it
yellowing skin/sclera + dark urine hepatitis, liver cirrrhosis and biliary obstruction (gallstone, pancreatic Ca)
38
vomiting: GI causes of it
``` gastroenteriris GORD pyloric stenosis bowel obstruction gastropareis ```
39
haematemesis: what is it and | GI causes of it
vomitting of blood bright red: oesophageal varices rupture coffee ground: gastric/duodenal ulcer
40
dysphagia: what is it and | GI causes of it
difficulty swallowing oesophageal cancer
41
abdominal distension: GI causes
ascites constipation bowel obstruction malignancy
42
constipation: GI causes
dehydration reduced bowel motility medications e.g. opiates, Fe supplements
43
diarrhoea: GI causes
``` infection e.g. C.diff IBS IBD medication e.g. laxative constipation with overflow malignancy ```
44
steatorrhoea: what is it and | GI causes of it
excess fat in faeces causing them to appear pale and be difficult to flush pancreatitis, pancreatic Ca, biliary obstruction, coeliac
45
melaena: what is it and | GI causes of it
dark, tar-like stooks containing digested blood upper GI bleeding - peptic ulcer
46
causes of R. iliac fossa pain
appendicitis | Crohn's
47
causes of L. iliac fossa pain
diverticulitis
48
causes of epigastric pain
oesophagitis | gastritis
49
causes of R upper quadrant pain
cholecystitis | hepatitis
50
causes of flank pain
renal colic | pyelonephritis
51
causes of suprapubic pain
UTI
52
GI risk factors
``` pre-existing GI disease e.g. GORD, crohn's Fx GI disease alcohol (alcoholic hepatitis/cirrhosis) smoking (GI cancers, crohn's) rec. drugs (hepatitis) diet (coeliac) ```
53
during DRE what to look for during inspection of perianal area
skin excoriation anal fissure external bleeding anal fistula ask pt to bear down - haemarrhoids - rectal prolapse
54
assessing anal tone during DRE | and cause of reduced anal tone
with finger inserted ask them to bear down IBD, prev rectal surgery, spinal cord pathology e.g. cauda equina syndrome
55
assessing postelateral walls during DRE
sweep finger to right (upwards) for right posterolateral quadrant sweep to left (downwards) for left posterolateral quadrant
56
what can be palpated through anterior wall DRE
men: prostate women: cervix/tampon
57
what needs to be noted when examining rectal walls
presence/abscence of stools and consistency (e.g. hard = consipation) ireegularities/masses areas of tenderness when bear down again if a lesion is brought down from higher up
58
what do we inspect finger for once its withdrawn
stool | blood mucous
59
blood on finger after DRE
meleana: upper GI bleed e.g. gastric ulcer bright red: lower GI bleed e.g. rectal malignancy, fissure
60
excess mucous on finger after DRE
IBD e.g. ulcerative colitis

mOSCEs (13 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions