Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

mOSCEs > cardio > Flashcards

cardio Flashcards

1
Q

where is aortic valve listened to

A

upper right sternal border at level of 2nd right intercostal space

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

where is pulmonary valve listened to

A

upper left sternal border at level of 2nd left intercostal space

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

where is tricuspid valve listened to

A

lower left sternal border at level of 4ths left intercostal space

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

where is mitral valve listened to

A

apex beat point - mid-clavicular line at level of 5th left IC spce

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

differences between JVP and carotid pulse

A 
JVP is multiphasic
JVP not palpable
JVP is occludable
JVP varies with with head up tilt (HUT) 
JVP varies with respiration - decreases with deep inspiration
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what does JVP reflect

A

right atrial pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

when we say JVP is multiphasic what do we mean

A

it beats twice in quick succession in the cardiac cycle

first is ‘a’ wave then second ‘v’ wave

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

when is JVP elevated

A

fluid overload + heart failure (esp right ventricular failure)
acute PE
COPD

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what heart sound is heard same time carotid pulse

A

S1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what does S1 correlate with

A

beginning systole

when atrioventricular valves (mitral and tricuspid) close

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what does S2 correlate with

A

closure of semilunar (aortic and pulmonary) valves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

3rd heart sound

A

in diastole - after S2

can be physiological but >40yrs more likely pathological - left ventric failure, mitral regurg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

4th heart sound

A

just before S1

left ventric hypertrophy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

pericardial friction rub sound

A

coarse scratching sound

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

hands

A 
colour
tar staining 
cyanosis 
clubbing
splinter haemorrhages
janeway lesions
osler's nodes
temp
cap refill
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

hand signs of infective endocarditis

A

splinter heamorrhages
Janeway lesions
osler’s nodes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what do need to comment on when taking radial pusle

A

rate

rhythm: regular, irregularly irregular, regularly irregular
volume: normal, bounding, thready
character: normal, slow rising, collapsing

18
Q

face

A 
malar flush: mitral stenosis 
anaemia eyes
corneal arcus 
xanthelasmata
central cyanosis 
red tongue (anaemia) 
angular stomatitis
19
Q

chest

A

back chest lung bases for crackles - left sided heart failure

sacral oedema if bes bound

20
Q

lower limbs

A 
pitting oedema (15 secs pressure)
temp
hair loss
cap refill 
ulcers
varicose veins
21
Q

measuring JVP

A

verticla distance between sternal angle and top of pulsation JVP

normally <4cm

22
Q

inspection of precordium

A

chest deformities - pectus excavatum
scars
pacemaker
visible pulsation

23
Q

palpation of precordium

A 
tracheal position 
cardiac pacemaker
apex beat
heaves
thrill
24
Q

what is a heave and where do you feel for them

A

hand easily lifted with chest wall mocement - ventricular hypertrophy

L of sternum

25
Q

what is a thrill and where do you feel for them

A

palpable murmur

both sides of sternum
apex point

26
Q

auscultation of precodrium

A

4 valve areas with diaphragm and bell

left sided systolic murmurs
left sided diastolic murmurs

27
Q

what are the left sided systolic murmurs

A

aortic stenosis

mitral regurgitation

28
Q

what are the left sided diastolic murmurs

A

mitral stenosis

aortic regurgitation

29
Q

listening for aortic stenosis

A

aortic valve area and carotid arteries

30
Q

listening for mitral regurgitation

A

mitral valve area (apex) and L axilla for radiation

31
Q

listening for mitral stenosis

A

patient rolled onto left side, listen at apex with bell of stethoscope, breath held in expiration

32
Q

listening for aortic regurgitation

A

patient sit up leaning forwards, breath held in expiration, listen lower left sternal edge

33
Q

which peripheral pulses need to be felt

A 
radial 
brachial 
carotid
femoral (+ radiofemoral delay) 
popliteal 
posterior tibial 
dorsalis pedis

also ascultate for bruits carotid and femoral a

34
Q

where is radial pulse

A

proximal to wrist joint on radial side of flexor surface wrist
lateral to tendon of flexor carpi radialis

35
Q

where is brachial pusle

A

antecubital fossa medial to biceps tendon

36
Q

where is carotid pulse

A

in neck medial to SCM muscle

37
Q

where is femoral pusle

A

inferior to inguinal ligament, half-way between anterior superior iliac spine and symphysis pubis

38
Q

where is popliteal pulse

A

behind knww joint deep in popliteal fossa

39
Q

where is posterior tibial pulse

A

behind and ~2cm below medial

40
Q

where is dorsalis pedis pulse

A

dosrum of foot lateral to tendon of extensor hallucis longus

41
Q

CVS systemic enquiry

A 
chest pain 
dyspnoea
palpitations
ankle oedema
varicose veins 
claudicatoin
42
Q

CVS causes syncope

A

postural changes: postural hypotension

exertion: aortic stenosis
random: arrhythmia

mOSCEs (13 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions