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RRC Cards > GI > Flashcards

GI Flashcards

1
Q

biggest predictor of local recurrence and survival in rectal cancer?

A 
radial margin
(more than longitudinal involvement and T category)
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2
Q

bugs that gives terminal ileitis and right colon

A

yersinia
campylobacter
salmonella

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3
Q

1 and #2 visceral aneurysms

A
  1. spleen

2. renal

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4
Q

sign that there’s abN flow in liver

A

hepatic artery and portal vein are opposite

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5
Q

most common benign esophageal neoplasm

A

leiomyoma

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6
Q

side effect of gastrografin in upper GI

A

pulmonary edema

H2O soluble, but hyperosmolar

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7
Q

isoosmolar h2o soluble contrast

A

omnipaque

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8
Q

side effect of barium in upper GI

A

mediastinitis

if ?perf, do H2O soluble first

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9
Q

ingestion of sushi

A

anisakis
roundworms
invade stomach or intestinal wall causing edema and ulcers

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10
Q

rectal prolapse

A

trichuris
whipworm
invades colonic mucosa, bleeding, anemia
intussusception and rectal prolapse

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11
Q

iron deficiency anemia

A

hookworms

invade colonic mucosa

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12
Q

bug causing cholangitis or pancreatitis

A

ascaris
largest nematode
can cause bowel obstruction, or pancreatic/biliary duct

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13
Q

causes gastric fold thickening

A

h pylori gastritis
menetriers disease
zollinger ellison

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14
Q

gastrinoma triangle

A

medial: pancreatic neck/body junction
inferior: 2nd-3rd junction duodenum
superior: junction cystic duct and CBD

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15
Q

most common inflammatory disease esophagus

A

reflux

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16
Q

most common malignant primary hepatic malignancy

A

HCC

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17
Q

diverticula occurring at killian dehiscence

A

zenker

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18
Q

most common benign splenic lesion

A

hemangioma

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19
Q

most common location of tear in Boerhaave syndrome

A

left posterolateral wall of the distal esophagus, 3-6 cm above the esophageal hiatus of the diaphragm

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20
Q

treatment for achalasia

A

Heller myotomy:

- longitudinal excision through lower esophageal sphincter

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21
Q

bouveret syndrome

A

gastric outlet obstruction secondary to impacted gallstone

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22
Q

right & left paraduodenal internal hernias go through what? what % do they each make up?

A
  1. right: fossa of Waldeyer; 25%

2. left: fossa of Landzert; 75%

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23
Q

critical stage esophageal cancer

A

T3 adventitia vs T4 invasion into adjacent structures

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24
Q

plummer vinson syndrome

A
  • iron deficiency anemia
  • dysphagia
  • thyroid issues
  • spoon shaped nails
  • esophageal web
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25
Q

GIST most common location?

nodal involvement?

A
  • stomach MC (then duodenum)
  • LNs NOT enlarged
  • goes to liver & drop mets

ass’d w. carney triad & NFI

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26
Q

Carneys triad

A

Carneys Eat Garbage
Chondroma (pulmonary)
Extra adrenal pheo
GIST

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27
Q

most common extra nodal site for nonhodgkin lymphoma

A

stomach

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28
Q

organoaxial vs mesenteroaxial gastric volvulus

A

organo - greater curve over lesser, old ladies, hernias

mesentero - over mesentery, risk ischemia, obstruction, kids

29
Q

bug in whipples

A

Tropheryma Whipplei

30
Q

riglers triad

A

gallstone ileus:

  1. pneumobilia
  2. obstruction
  3. ectopic gallstone

NOT riglers sign of free air on either side of bowel

31
Q

hernia with appendix in it

“ with meckels in it

A

amyand appendix

littre meckels

32
Q

findings entamoeba histolytica gi

A
  • cecum & ascending colon
  • normal terminal ileum
  • coned cecum
  • toxic megacolon
  • liver, spleen, brain abscesses
  • bloody diarrhea
  • flask shaped ulcer in endoscopy
33
Q

infections that like duodenum

infections that like terminal ileum

A

duodenum: giardia, strongyloides

terminal ileum: Tb, yersinia, campylo

34
Q

critical stage rectal cancer

A

T3 - tumor breaks into perirectal fat

- get chemo/rads prior to surgery

35
Q

mckittrick wheelock syndrome

A

villous adenoma
mucous diarrhea
severe electrolyte disturbances and depletion

36
Q

most common spot peritoneal carcinomatosis

A

retrovesical space

most dependent portion peritoneal cavity

37
Q

advanced imaging for FNH

A

mri w. hepatocyte agent

sulfur colloid

38
Q

nuc med agent for fibrolemellar HCC

A

gallium

remember scar does not enhance & is T2 dark

39
Q

CEA & CA 19-9 in
cholangio
pancreatic ca
colon ca

A

cholangio: CEA up, CA19-9 up
pancreatic ca: CA19-9 up
colon ca: CEA up

40
Q

amebic abscess left lobe

A

emergent drainage

can rupture into pericardium

41
Q

primary vs secondary hemochromatosis

A

primary inherited = pancreas involved, spleen spared (thyroid, heart, pituitary)

secondary chronic inflamm’n/++transfusions, eat iron w/ reticuloendothelial system = spleen involved, pancreas spared

42
Q

causes nutmeg liver

A
  • budd chiari
  • hepatic veno occlusive disease
  • right heart failure (hepatic congestion)
  • constrictive pericarditis
43
Q

massive caudate lobe hypertrophy

A
  • budd chiari
  • primary sclerosing cholangitis
  • primary biliary cirrhosis
44
Q

cavernous transformation after portal vein thrombosis means what?

A

chronic, takes 12 months to develop

45
Q

complications of carolis disease

A
  • auto recessive, central dot sign, ass’d w. polycystic kidney dz & medullary sponge kidney
  • cholangiocarcinoma
  • cirrhosis
  • cholangitis
  • intraductal stones
46
Q

mirizzi syndrome association

A

5x risk co-incident gallbladder cancer

47
Q

resistive index RI calculation

A

PSV - EDV/PSV

48
Q

acceleration time corresponding to 50% stenosis of renal artery

A

acceleration time >0.07 sec

acc’n time = time from end diastole to 1st systolic peak

49
Q

causes for increased and decreased HV pulsatility

A

increased: tricuspid regurg’n, right sided CHF
decreased: cirrhosis, hepatic venous outflow obstruction

50
Q

causes of portal vein:

  1. pulsatility
  2. reversed flow
  3. slow flow
  4. absent
A
  1. pulsatility: right sided CHF, tricuspid regurg, cirrhosis, vascular AP shunting
  2. portal htn
  3. <15 cm/s, portal htn (pre, intra, post)
  4. thrombosis, tumor invasion, stagnant flow bad portal htn
51
Q

echogenicity of pancreas on uss

A

greater than normal liver

52
Q

hereditary pancreatitis gene

A

SPINK 1

53
Q

hereditary syndromes associated with pancreatic cancer

A

HNPCC
BRCA
ataxia telangiectasia
peutz jegers

54
Q

advanced imaging for intrapancreatic splenule

A

heat treated rbc scan

sulfur colloid

55
Q

anastamoses in whipples

A
  1. gastrojejunal
  2. choledochojejunal/hepaticojejunal
  3. pancreaticojejunal
56
Q

why is pancreatic RI not helpful?

A

no capsule

57
Q

most common bugs in splenic abscess

A

immunocompetent: salmonella
immunocompromised: fungi, tb, MAI, pcp (multiple microabscess)

58
Q

antibodies in hashimotos

A

antiTPO

anti thyroglobulin

59
Q

common appearance of hashimotos

A
  • giraffe skin

- white knights

60
Q

origin of parathyroid glands

A

top 2: 4th branchial pouch

bottom 2: 3rd branchial pouch

61
Q

1 small bowel cancer

A

metastases

62
Q

increased risk small bowel (duodenal) adenocarcinoma

A

FAP

Gardner

63
Q

most common location small bowel adenocarcinoma

A

jejunum

64
Q

most common location small bowel neuroendocrine/carcinoid

A

ileum

65
Q

c difficile bacteria type

A

gram positive anaerobe

endotoxin B

66
Q

HNPCC (Lynch Syndrome) - screening

A

colonic & endometrial

67
Q

% LBO from cancer

A

60-80%

volvulus 10-15%
diverticulitis 5-10%

68
Q

anal cancer staging?

A

based on SIZE

inguinal lymph nodes = independent prognostic factor

69
Q

low rectal cancer spread?

A

can go straight to lungs (mid/inf hemorrhoidal veins)

higher = liver 2/2 drainage to portal vein via sup hemorrhoidal

RRC Cards (17 decks)

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