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Med physiology - Quiz 2 > GI > Flashcards

GI Flashcards

1
Q

The digestive tract is the ________ _____ of the body.

A

Disassembly line

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2
Q

The 4 stages of digestion are what?

There is a ‘5th’ stage

A
  1. Ingestion
  2. Digestion
  3. Absorption
  4. Elimination

(Secretion falls between absorption and elimination)

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3
Q

We ingest 1.5 pounds of ______ and 2.4 pounds of ______ each day

A

Solids

Liquids

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4
Q

We secrete 14+ lbs of _____ into our digestive tract to help it function.

A

Water

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5
Q

Where does digestion begin?

A

The mouth

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6
Q

Digestion is both ______ and ________.

A

Chemical

Mechanical

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7
Q

What is the only molecule broken down in the mouth? What is the enzyme?

A

Carbohydrates

Salivary Amylase

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8
Q

What nervous system controls both the chemical and mechanical digestion in the GI tract?

A

Parasympathetic Nervous System

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9
Q

Nutrients are primarily absorbed in the _______.

A

Small Intestines

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10
Q

Water is primarily absorbed in the _________. (TWO)

A

Small Intestines

Large Intestines

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11
Q

Drugs can be absorbed in ________. (FOUR)

A

Mouth
Stomach
Small Intestines
Large Intestines

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12
Q

Elimination involves the ________ and local reflexes.

A

PSNS

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13
Q

What two stages of digestion involve voluntary control?

A

Ingestion and Elimination

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14
Q

The majority of the control mechanisms in the GI tract are ____________.

A

Involuntary

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15
Q

What three things govern GI regulation?

A
  1. Volume
  2. Position
  3. Composition of luminal contents
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16
Q

T/F: The nutritional state of the body governs GI regulation

A

False: It DOES NOT

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17
Q

T/F: The body will absorb all nutrients regardless of if those nutrients are required for function.

A

True

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18
Q

What are the 4 layers of the GI tract wall?

Lumen of the GI tract –> Abdominal Cavity

A
  1. Mucosa
  2. Submucosa
  3. Muscularis
  4. Serosa
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19
Q

The mucosa of the GI tract is made up of ___________ cells.

A

Endothelial

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20
Q

The mucosa has _________ and ________ cells throughout.

A

Exocrine

Endocrine

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21
Q

Exocrine cells make digestive ______ and _______.

A

Enzymes

22
Q

Endocrine cells in the mucosa of the GI tract _________ with other parts of the GI tract.

A

Communicate

23
Q

The Mucosa has the most surface area to allow more surfaces for what 3 things?

A
  1. Secretion
  2. Chemical reactions of digestion
  3. Absorption
24
Q

Sumucosal tissues contains blood vessels which work in a _______ system to take blood to the ______ for ______ prior to returning to the heart.

A
  1. Portal
  2. Liver
  3. Detox
25
Q

The submucosal tissues also contain ______ ________. which is a part of the ___________ nervous system.

A

Nerve Plexuses

Autonomic

26
Q

The muscularis tissues are composed of ________ muscle.

A

Circular

27
Q

The circular muscle helps the digestive tract preform these two movement?

A
  1. Concentric contraction (THINK: Inch Worm)

2. Peristalsis

28
Q

What is the serosa?

A

The outer covering between the GI tract and the peritoneal cavity.

29
Q

The mouth has both _______ and ________ digestion.

A

Chemical

Mechanical

30
Q

The ______ _______ keeps food from going into the nose, while the ___________ keeps food from going down the trachea.

A

Soft Palate

Epiglottis

31
Q

What are the 4 layers of the esophagus?

A
  1. Mucosa
  2. Submucosa
  3. Muscularis
  4. Adventitia
32
Q

Why is the mucosa of the esophagus composed of stratified squamous cells?

A

Makes it more durable

No need for higher surface area as absorption does not occur here

33
Q

Peristalsis in the esophagus is controlled by which tissue layer?

A

Muscularis

34
Q

The higher in the GI tract the _____ _______ peristalsis happens.

A

More rapidly

35
Q

The esophagus has an upper and lower ________.

A

Sphincter

36
Q

The upper sphincter of the esophagus is is located at the _______.

A

Pharynx

37
Q

The lower sphincter of the esophagus is located at the ________.

A

Diaphragm

38
Q

What disease can cause the lower esophageal sphincter to become leaky?

A

GERD

39
Q

When the stomach herniates into the thoracic region it is called a ________ _______.

A

Hiatal Hernia

40
Q

What are the 4 “areas” of the stomach?

A
  1. Fundus (Upper)
  2. Body (Middle)
  3. Antrum (Lower)
  4. Plyoric Sphincter (End)
41
Q

The stomach is a _______ digester by using ______ (Acidic Fluid)

A

Mechanical

Chyme

42
Q

The stomach can only chemically digest _______.

A

Proteins

43
Q

How does the stomach act as a nutrient “pacer”?

A

It only allows small amounts into the duodenum at a time

44
Q

What are the 4 tissues that compose the stomach wall?

A
  1. Mucosa
  2. Submucossa
  3. Muscularis
  4. Serosa
45
Q

The mucosal tissue of the stomach repairs itself every __ _____. Why?

A

3 Days

Due to the wear and tear from HCL

46
Q

What THREE things to the glands of the stomach produce?

A
  1. HCL
  2. Pepsinogen
  3. Gastrin
47
Q

Pepsinogen is activated by gastric acid to become _______ which breaks down proteins in the stomach

A

Pepsin

48
Q

A gastric gland consists of these FOUR cells.

A
  1. Mucuos cells
  2. Parietal cells
  3. Cheif Cells
  4. Enteroendocrine cells
49
Q

Mucuos cells in a gastric gland produce what?

A

Mucous

50
Q

Parietal cells in a gastric gland produce what?

A

HCl

51
Q

Cheif cells in a gastric gland produce what?

A

Pepsinogen

52
Q

Enteroendocrine cells in a gastric gland produce what?

A

Gastrin

Med physiology - Quiz 2 (3 decks)

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