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Patho 3 > GI 2 > Flashcards

GI 2 Flashcards

1
Q

MC type of intestinal tumor

A

tubular, typically in the rectosigmoid area

“stalk with raspberry like head”

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2
Q

villous intestinal tumor

A

higher risk of cancer

“velvety cauliflower”

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3
Q

familial polyposis

A
  • 1000s of adenomas

- 100% cancer risk by midlife

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4
Q

order of tests for appendicitis

A

ultrasound, CT

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5
Q

MC small bowel malignancy location

A

duodenum, adenocarcinoma

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6
Q

where does colorectal cancer mets to?

A

liver #1, lung, bones, brain

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7
Q

Dukes staging

A

A-tumor penetrates into mucosa of bowel only
B1-penetrates into, but not through muscularis propria
B2-tumor goes through muscularis propria
C1-is B1 + lymph nodes C2-B2 + lymph nodes
D-distant mets

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8
Q

Tumor grade

A

T1-submucosa
T2-muscularis propria
T3-through muscularis into subserosa
T4-directly invades other organs

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9
Q

Node grade

A

N0-no regional lymph node mets
N1-1 to 3 regional ln
N2-4 or more regional ln
N3-node along blood vessel

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10
Q

MCC of anal bleeding

A

hemorrhoids

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11
Q

fistula

A

opening from inside to outside that is abnormal

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12
Q

main liver functions

A
  • bile production

- metabolism, detox, excretions

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13
Q

bile route

A

R/L hepatic duct, CHD, CBD, pancreatic duct, duodenum

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14
Q

cirrhosis presents with

A

ascites, jaundice, esophageal varices

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15
Q

what test should you order for possible hepatic failure?

A

PT/INR

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16
Q

portal HTN

A

portal blood can’t flood through to the vena cava b/c of fibrosis, leading to edema
the blocked blood causes vessels to dilate causing varices/medusa

17
Q

first alcoholic liver disease exposure leads to…

A

steatosis, reversible until fibrosis occurs

18
Q

severe alcohol exposure leads to

A

alcoholic hepatitis, reversible

19
Q

if you continue to drink after alcoholic hepatitis….

A

you get cirrhosis, micronodular then “hobnail”, irreversible

20
Q

Wilson’s disease

A

disorder of copper metabolism, effects hepatocyte transfer of copper into bile

21
Q 
Hep A
B
C
D
E
A 
fecal/oral
bloodborne, all fluids except stool
bloodborne
goes w/B
waterborne fecal contamination, pregnancy
22
Q

chronic hepatitis (> 6 months) leads to

A

macronodular cirrhosis

23
Q

IGM vs IGG for hepatitis

A

IGM will be positive during window period bc it is the first ab made
IGG posiive means chronic hepatits
once IGM converts to IGG, you are chronic

24
Q

envelope tell us

A

how infectious the person is

25
Q

adenoma

A

benign tumor of hepatocytes, common w/females on OCP

26
Q

MCC of hepatocellular carcinoma

A

Hep C, alpha-fetoprotein is a good marker

27
Q

cholelithiasis

A

stones, pain that comes and goes after eating that resolves, use pain meds and elective cholecystectomy

28
Q

cholecystitis

A

inflammation/blockage of cystic duct, constant RUQ pain, ABX and emergent cholecystecomy

29
Q

reynolds pentad

A

fever, RUQ pain, jaundice, hypotension and altered mental status

30
Q

test of choice for gallstones

A

HIDA scan

31
Q

MC gallbladder cancer

A

adenomacarcinoma

32
Q

MCC of pancreatitis

A

alcohol and gallstones

also scorpion bite can cause

33
Q

acute pancreatitis presenting symptoms

A

worse lying down, better sitting up, pain in epigastric region radiating toward back
dx w/CT

34
Q

MC pancreatic cancer

A

ductal adenocarcinoma of the pancreas head

CA 19-9 marker

35
Q

DX of DM

A

random sugar >200, fasting >126

36
Q

3 common symptoms seen with DM

A

polyuria-diuresis
polydipsia-blood is becoming hypertonic, water dilutes Na levels
polyphagia-glucose not going into cells

37
Q

3 common diseases associated with DM

A

neuropathy
myopathy
retinopathy

Patho 3 (4 decks)

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