Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Adults > GI > Flashcards

GI Flashcards

1
Q

Small Intestine Absorption

A

95% of carbs and protein are digested in the first two sections of your small intestine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Fat Soluble Vitamins

A

D, K, A, E

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Duodenum

A

first part of small intestine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Protease

A

enzyme released by pancreas that breaks down protein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Analayse

A

enzyme in the pancreas that breaks down protein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Large Intestine

A

rehydrater. Absorbs a bunch of water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Lipase

A

Enzyme in bile that breaks down fat that is released by the pancreas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Bile

A

Produced by the liver and stored by the gallbladder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Portal venous system

A

gut venous system that is feeding your gut and innervating it

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Fecal occult blood test: hemoccult

A

This is a test to check the stool for blood
Blue is positive for blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Abdonminal US

A

o Non-invasive, little prep, no side effects
o Gallbladder, pancreas, appendix
o Fat free meal day before, NPO night prior to surgery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Fluoroscopy with X-ray

A

Use barium (contrast agent): aka barium swallow

Upper GI Study

Useful to detect forgein bodies.

Drinking something while they are taking pictures of you

Tough on the kidneys so drink as much as you can to get it out

Could have white stools after

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Upper GI Fibroscopy

A

 Esophagus, stomach, duodenum
 Direct visualization using a camera down your throat
 Conscious sedation
 Hurricane spray to get rid for your gag reflex
 Patient will be sent to PACU and cannot drive post procedure
 May have a sore throat discuss use throat lozenges and soft foods
 NEED INFORMED CONSENT which doctor performs
 WE need to make sure the gag reflex is back because if not they will aspirate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Lower GI fluoroscopy

A

 Instead of swallowing, you get a barium enema
 Examination of colon; look for reason for constipation and GI conditions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

CT

A

 With or without contrast (to see vascularity and how the blood vessels are feeding the area)
 No metformin for 48 hours after contrast
 Shows us all we need to see

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Colonoscopy

A

 Visual examination of anus, rectum, and colon
 Used to detect and remove polyps
 To diagnose or rule out disorders of colon
 Conscious sedation; patient will need ride home after
 There is bowel prep to remove everything from the GI

Current guidelines: only fluid for 3 days
Day before you take miralax

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

NG tube

A

 Used for feedings/medications
 Decompression of the stomach (slow suction treats the bowel obstruction)
 Removes contents from the stomach

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

OG tube

A

goes through the mouth instead of the nose
 We need to intubate them because it is going down their mouth
 Intubated patient
 Short term; less commonly used
 Removes stomach contents
- reduces risk of aspiration
 This is used for intubated patients
- Cannot put medications in an OG tube

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Gastrostomy

A

 Opening in the stomach
 Administration of foods, fluids, and meds
 Gastric decompression
 Best for enteral support need longer thatn 4 weeks
 G tubes (via stomach)
 PEG tubes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Jejunostomy

A

 Opening into the jejunum
 Administration of fluids and medications

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Considerations for Gastrostomy/Jejunostomy

A

we need to check residual volume because if the food is not going through, then we cannot put more in! Typically if there are 30ccs or less, we can put more through

Oral Care

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Position of a person when they are eating

A

30-45 degrees

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

TPN Considerations

A

total parenteral nutrition

 All nutrients through an IV
 1-3L over 24h
 Continuous infusion
 1-3 times a week we put a fat emulsion
 Has to be through a picc line or a central line ONLY for TPN because it needs to be big
 Regular IV will destroy the vein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

PPN

A

partial parenteral nutrition: we CAN put this through an IV. It is not as robust, but we do it for a few days after a throat surgery to rest throat. More short term

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What to watch for on TPN or PPN

A

rebound hypoglycemia
 Equivalent of 3 cans coke daily
 May need insulin while on TPN because they can seemingly go into hyperglycemia
 REBOUND hypoglycemia AFTER they come off of TPA and may need dextrose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Plaque

A

fuzzy feeling on their teeth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Tarter

A

plaque left alone for 48 hours. It can start to mineralize on your teeth and become tartar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Esophageal Perforation Causes

A

boerhaave syndrome (15%): violent vomiting

Trauma

Chemical Ingestion

Procedures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Esophageal Perforation Pathophys

A
  • Opening in esophagus
  • Contents spilling into mediastinum and stomach contents can come up and leak into the mediastinum
  • Systemic inflammatory response
  • Can lead to sepsis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Esophageal Perforation Presentation

A
  • Neck/shoulder/upper and lower back related to perforation
  • Cannot lie flat
  • Tachypnea and tachycardia because they are inflamed
  • Causes bleeding
  • Severe hypotension: going into shock
  • Fever and chills
  • Dysphagia and vomiting.
  • PAIN
  • Could affect lungs and aspirate blood
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Labs and diagnostics for an Esophageal Perforation

A

o Fluoroscopy
o CT: size will determine what we do to fix it
o EGD: NOT in the acute stage. Don’t stick a tube down the throat while they are inflamed. After to see how bad the damage is

32
Q

Meds that can help an Esophageal Perforation

A

o Broad spectrum antibiotics to prevent sepsis
o Probably will be put on TPN if they have surgery

33
Q

Complications of an Esophageal Perforation

A

Pneumonia: aspiration of contents in to the lungs
Sepsis
Death
ARDS

34
Q

Foreign Bodies of the esophagus

A

o Not properly shewing food
o Children putting objects in mouth
o Fish bones
o Grapes, peanuts, candies, hot dogs

35
Q

How will client present with esophageal blockage

A

o Acute dysphagia
o Complete=increased saliva and dysphagia
o Odynophagia: painful swallowing
o Gaging/chocking
o CP: chest pain (full cardiac workup)

36
Q

Odynophagia

A

painful swallowing

37
Q

Meds that help an Esophageal blockage

A

glucagon
nitroglycerin

38
Q

Chemical Burns Causes

A
  • Acid/base
    o Intention/unintentional
    o Medications
    o Chemical burns when a pill gets stuck in the throat
39
Q

Presentation of a chemical burn

A

o Stridor, Wheezing, Dyspnea, Tachypnea
o Abdominal tenderness and guarding (don’t touch me and I don’t wanna swallow)
o Bleeding/shock, severe hypotension

40
Q

Labs and diagnostic for a chemical burn

A

chest/abdominal X-ray
Eventual EGD

41
Q

Meds that can help a chemical burn

A

o Corticosteroids (high dose)
o Antibiotics (if infection)

42
Q

Acute interventions for a chemical burn

A

o Do not induce vomiting (if it burnt going down, it will burn coming up)
o Prepare for emergent intubation
o Neutralizing chemicals

43
Q

How can nurses help Chemical Burns

A

o Talk to parents about possible toxins
 WE ALWAYS CALL POISON CONTROL
o Discuss long term complications
o Enteral feedings (G/J tube)
o We are really worried about scar tissue that go across the esophagus which will cause strictures
 This will require Pneumatic Dilation

44
Q

Pneumatic Dilation

A

EGD tube with a balloon to stretch the esophagus so that the strictures don’t cause constriction

45
Q

GERD pathophys

A

Incompetent LES

46
Q

Hiatal Hernia

A

portion of stomach goes through the diaphragm

47
Q

Causes of GERD

A

Incompetent LES
Hiatal Hernia
Pregnancy
Motility disorder

48
Q

Complications of Gerd

A

o Esophageal strictures
o Esophageal ulcer
o Barrett’s esophagus

49
Q

Barrett’s esophagus

A

precancerous change in the esophagus. Constant damage to the esophagus so the esophagus turns to bowel tissue. Anytime you change cellular structures YOU HAVE A RISK OF CANCER

50
Q

Nissen Fundoplication

A

taking the top part of your stomach and wrapping it around your esophagus and suturing it in place to secure the LES

51
Q

LINX procedure

A

very invasive. Not easy

52
Q

H2s

A

Famotidine: exacerbation treatment of GERD
this can lead to pernicious anemia if used a ton

53
Q

PPIs

A

Omiprazole: long turn also blocks b12 absorption and can lead to osteoporosis

54
Q

Prokinetics

A

metoclopramide: this is used if the reason for the GERD is lack of mobility

55
Q

Hiatal Hernia

A

diaphragm is weak and allowing part of muscle to come through. Now the LES is not working because it is all stretched out. Decreases blood supply to that portion of the stomach. Severity levels determine how dangerous and bad it is

56
Q

Causes of a Hiatal Hernia

A

 Weakened muscle
 Age related changes
 Injury
 Persistent pressure

57
Q

How will the client present with a hiatal Hernia

A

 Acid reflux
 Possible bulge in abdomen
 Difficulty swallowing
 Cp or abdominal pain
 SOB
 Vomiting blood/black tarry stools

58
Q

Coffee Ground Emesis

A

Vomiting shit

59
Q

Gastritis

A

eroded stomach lining/inflammation of the stomach lining

60
Q

Causes of Gastritis

A

o H. Pylori
o NSAIDS
o Older Age
o Excessive Alcohol
o Stress
o Autoimmune

61
Q

How will the client present

A

o Asymptomatic
o Gnawing/Pyrosis
o N/V, anorexia
o Fullness in abdomen after even small meals

62
Q

Severe Gastritis

A

 Hematochezia (bright red blood)
 Hematemesis
 Melena

63
Q

Medications that can help Gastritis

A

Antibiotics
PPI to slow down acid production (maintenance)
H2 (PRN)

64
Q

Complications gastris

A

o Burning a hole through the lining so there is going to be bleeding!
o Ulcers
o Pernicious anemia
o Stomach cancer (rare)

65
Q

Peptic Ulcer Disease Location

A

can occur in the stomach, duodenum, or esophagus

66
Q

PUD causes

A
  • H.Pylori is a common cause
  • Long term NSAID use is a cause
  • Other meds
  • Stress does NOT cause peptic ulcers, just exacerbate it
  • SSRIs can cause them
  • Alendronate can cause them
67
Q

What happens in PUD

A

increased acid vs decreased mucus
o Stomach is eroding
o Open sores

68
Q

How will client present with PUD

A

o Asymptomatic
o Gnawing/burning epigastric pain
o Bloating/belching
o Fatty food intolerance
o Pyrosis
o Nausea
o Sometimes vomiting, but that is rare
o Where the ulcer is determines what the symptoms will be

69
Q

Labs and Questions

A

o Stool testing
o CBC/BMP
o EGD w/ biopsy (H. pylori? If not, do you take NSAIDs everyday? Ibuprophen every day?)
o Fluoroscopy

70
Q

Complications of PUD

A

o Internal bleeding
o Infection
o Obstruction
o Refractory ulcers
o Swelling and adhesions which can lead to an obstructure

71
Q

Refractory Ulcers

A

ulcers that DO NOT HEAL. You keep smoking. You keep eating NSAIDS

72
Q

How can nurses help with PUD

A

o Have antacids/h2 ready for attack
o Avoid NSAIDs
o Avoid Triggers
o Choose a healthy diet
o Consider probiotic foods
o Eliminate milk?
o Adequate sleep=stronger immune system=less stress

73
Q

PUD Triggers

A

 Smoke
 Alcohol
 Spicy foods
 Stress

74
Q

Ranitidine

A

H2 used for PUD attacks

75
Q

Misoprostal

A

coats the stomach lining until the ulcer heals

76
Q

IBS Meds (Also Used for Diarrhea)

A

o Lubiprostone
o Linaclotide
- polyethylene glycol / MiraLAX (Laxatives)
- Anti-diarrheal: loperamide / Imodium
- Anticholinergics: these treat the abdominal pain
- TCS’s: severe anxiety r/t diarrhea

77
Q

Meds for dehydration

A

Atropine + diphenoxylate

Adults (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions