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CNUR 203 > GI > Flashcards

GI Flashcards

1
Q

gastritis?

A

inflammation of gastric mucosa

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2
Q

how is chronic gastritis divided?

A

autoimmune
diffuse antral
multifocal

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3
Q

autoimmune gastritis

A

involves body and fundus of stomach

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4
Q

diffuse antral gastritis

A

affects antrum

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5
Q

multifocal gastritis

A

diffuse throughout the stomach

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6
Q

gastritis occurs as a result of…

A

breakdown in the normal gastric mucosal barrier

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7
Q

what does the mucosal barrier do?

A

protects stomach tissue from autodigestion of HCL and pepsin enzyme

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8
Q

what happens when mucosal barrier is broken?

A

HCL can diffuse into mucosa

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9
Q

what does HCL diffusing into mucosa lead to?

A

tissue edema, disruption of capillary walls with loss of plasma into gastric lumen, possibly hemorrhage

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10
Q

drugs that cause gastritis

A

ASA, NSAIDS, corticosteroid drugs

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11
Q

diet that causes gastritis

A

alcohol, spicy food

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12
Q

microorganisms that cause gastritis

A

helicobacter pylori, salmonella, staphylococcus

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13
Q

environment that causes gastritis

A

radiation, smoking

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14
Q

pathophysiological conditions that cause gastritis

A

burns, crohns, hernia, physioogical stress, reflux of bile and pancreatic secretions, renal failure, sepsis, shock

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15
Q

other factors that cause gastritis

A
  • endoscopy
  • nasogastric suction
  • psychological stress
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16
Q

symptoms of acute gastritis

A

anorexia, N & V, epigastric tenderness, fullness feeling , hemorrhage

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17
Q

symptoms of chronic gastritis

A

same as acute

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18
Q

diagnostics for acute gastritis

A

hx of drug and alcohol use

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19
Q

diagnostics for chronic gastritis

A

endoscopic exam with biopsy, CBC

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20
Q

if vomiting accompanies acute gastritis, what is prescribed?

A

bed rest, NPO, IV fluids

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21
Q

what drugs are given for N & V in acute gastritis?

A

antiemetics

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22
Q

in those with acute gastritis and hemorrhage is likely, what do we do?

A

VS frequently, check vomit for blood

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23
Q

what drugs are given to relieve symptoms of abdominal discomfort in those with acute gastritis?

A

antacids

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24
Q

treatment of chronic gastritis focuses on?

A

eliminating the cause such as cessation of alcohol and drugs

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25
Q

diet of those with chronic gastritis

A

non irritating, 6 meals a day, use of antacid after meals, smoking contraindicated

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26
Q

what PUD?

A

erosion of the GI mucosa

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27
Q

what does PUD result from?

A

digestive action of HCL and pepsin

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28
Q

how are acute ulcers characterized?

A

superficial erosion and minimal inflammation

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29
Q

whats more common, acute or chronic ulcers?

A

chronic

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30
Q

what type of environment do peptic ulcers develop in?

A

acidic

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31
Q

where are gastric ulcers commonly found?

A

lesser curvature close to the antral junction

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32
Q

whats more common, gastric or duodenal ulcers?

A

duodenal

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33
Q

whats stress related mucosal disease?

A

condition of acute ulcers that develop after a major insult such a trauma or surgery

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34
Q

do those with gastric or duodenal ulcers commonly experience pain?

A

no as there are not many pain receptors

35
Q

clinical manifestations of gastric ulcer?

A
  • burning, cramping, pressure like pain is upper mid epigastric region
  • pain 1-2 hours post meals
  • pain can be worse with food intake
  • N&V
  • weight lss
36
Q

clinical manifestations of duodenal ulcers

A
  • pain 2-4 hours after meals

- N & V

37
Q

how is pain of duodenal ulcers relieved?

A
  • antacids or food
38
Q

major complications of chronic PUD?

A

hemorrhage, perforation, gastric outlet obstruction

39
Q

diagnostics of PUD?

A
  • hx
  • physical exam
  • endoscopy
  • urea breath test
  • barium studies
  • gastric analysis
  • CBC
40
Q

acute management of acute PUD?

A
  • NPO
  • ABCS and VS
  • IV fluid replacement
  • best rest
  • blood transfusions
  • NG suction
41
Q

conservative management of PUD?

A 
adequate rest
bland diet 
6 smalls day per day
no smoking or alcohol or caffeine or irritating food
reduce stress
42
Q

nursing diagnoses of PUD?

A

acute pain
ineffective health management
N

43
Q

appendicitis?

A

inflammation of appendix

44
Q

cause of appendicitis

A

occlusion of appendiceal lumen by feces

45
Q

what can occlusion of appendiceal lumen lead to?

A

infection, abscesses, gangrenem perforation, peritonitis

46
Q

S&S of appendicitis

A
  • periumbilical pain
  • anorexia
  • N&V
  • leukocytosis
47
Q

physical assessment findings of appendicitis

A 
mcburney point
rebound tenderness
muscle guarding 
lies still with flexed right leg
low grade fever 
movement aggravates pain
48
Q

diagnostic studies of appendicitis

A
  • hx and physcial exam
  • WBC count
  • imaging studies like x ray ct and ultrasound
49
Q

collaborative care for appendicitis

A 
no use of laxatives 
NPO
no heat 
monitor for peritonitis 
appendectomy 
antibiotics 
IV fluids
50
Q

peritonitis

A

inflammation of peritoneum

51
Q

what causes peritonitis

A

trauma or rupture of an organ containing bacteria or irritants

52
Q

most common symptom of peritonitis

A

abdominal pain

53
Q

universal sign of peritonitis

A

tenderness

54
Q

diagnostic studies of peritonitis

A 
CBC 
hx 
physical exam
serum electrolytes
abdominal radiographic exam
abdominal paracentesis and culture of fluid 
ct scan
ultrasiund
peritonoscopy
55
Q

therapy for non op or pre op in those with peritonitis

A 
npo
O2
fluid replacement 
antibiotics
NG suction
analgesics
56
Q

therapy for post op in pt with peritonitis

A 
NPO 
NG suction
semi fowlers 
IV fluids 
antibiotics 
blood transfusions sedatives
57
Q

inflammatory bowel disease

A

crohns and ulcerative colitis

58
Q

ulcerative colitis

A

inflammation of rectum and colon

59
Q

when does UC peak

A

ages 15-25

60
Q

what does UC cause

A

hyperemia and edema

malabsorption

61
Q

what do ulcers cause

A

bleeding and diarrhea

62
Q

what does inflammation cause

A

decreased surface area for absorption

63
Q

major symptoms of UC

A

bloody diarrhea and abdominal pain

64
Q

what does a mild case of UC look like

A

1-2 semi formed stools with small amounts of blood per day

65
Q

what does a moderate case of UC look like

A

increased stool, 4-5 stools per day, increased bleeding with fever and anorexia

66
Q

what does a severe case of UC look like

A

10-20 loose stools per day with increased bleeding and contains mucous, weight loss, tachycardia, dehydration, anemia

67
Q

complications of UC

A 
hemorrhage
perforation
toxic megacolon 
fulminant colitis 
greater risk of colon cancer
68
Q

toxic megacolon

A

extensive dilation and paralysis of colon

69
Q

fulminant colitis

A

severe form of acute colitis

70
Q

extraintestinal manifestations of UC

A 
arthritis
osteoporosis
finger clubbing 
ulcers of mouth 
conjuctivitis 
erythema 
thromboembolism 
clostridium difficile
gall stones
kidney stones
71
Q

diagnostics of UC

A 
hx 
physical exam
cbc 
wbc 
ct
mri 
barium enema
72
Q

collaborative care for UC

A
  • rest bowel inflammation/infection
    manage fluids and nutrition
    manage stress
73
Q

nursing management for UC

A

pain control
fluid and electrolyte balance
i and os
monitor stool

74
Q

crohns disease

A

chronic inflammatory bowel disorder

75
Q

origin of crohns

A

unknown

76
Q

affects what part of the body

A

from mouth to anus (GI tract)

77
Q

what ages does crohns commonly affect

A

15-30

78
Q

cm of crohns

A

diarrhea, fatigue, abdominal pain, weight loss, fever, dehydration, anemia, perineal disease

79
Q

extra intestinal complications of crohns

A

arthritis

finger clubbing

80
Q

complications of crohns

A 
fistulas 
malabsorption
arthritis 
liver disease 
bowel perforation
81
Q

diagnostics of crohns

A 
-hx
physical 
endoscopy
barium studies 
electrolytes 
cBC
ESR 
check stool for blood
82
Q

diet for crohns

A 
high calorie
high vitamin
high protein
dairy free
low residue 
low fat
inj of vit b 12
83
Q

drugs for crohns

A

antimicrobial agents
corticosteroid drugs
immunosuppressnts
immunomodulators

CNUR 203 (4 decks)

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