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CNUR 203 > GI > Flashcards

GI Flashcards

1
Q

gastritis?

A

inflammation of gastric mucosa

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2
Q

how is chronic gastritis divided?

A

autoimmune
diffuse antral
multifocal

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3
Q

autoimmune gastritis

A

involves body and fundus of stomach

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4
Q

diffuse antral gastritis

A

affects antrum

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5
Q

multifocal gastritis

A

diffuse throughout the stomach

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6
Q

gastritis occurs as a result of…

A

breakdown in the normal gastric mucosal barrier

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7
Q

what does the mucosal barrier do?

A

protects stomach tissue from autodigestion of HCL and pepsin enzyme

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8
Q

what happens when mucosal barrier is broken?

A

HCL can diffuse into mucosa

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9
Q

what does HCL diffusing into mucosa lead to?

A

tissue edema, disruption of capillary walls with loss of plasma into gastric lumen, possibly hemorrhage

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10
Q

drugs that cause gastritis

A

ASA, NSAIDS, corticosteroid drugs

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11
Q

diet that causes gastritis

A

alcohol, spicy food

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12
Q

microorganisms that cause gastritis

A

helicobacter pylori, salmonella, staphylococcus

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13
Q

environment that causes gastritis

A

radiation, smoking

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14
Q

pathophysiological conditions that cause gastritis

A

burns, crohns, hernia, physioogical stress, reflux of bile and pancreatic secretions, renal failure, sepsis, shock

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15
Q

other factors that cause gastritis

A
  • endoscopy
  • nasogastric suction
  • psychological stress
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16
Q

symptoms of acute gastritis

A

anorexia, N & V, epigastric tenderness, fullness feeling , hemorrhage

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17
Q

symptoms of chronic gastritis

A

same as acute

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18
Q

diagnostics for acute gastritis

A

hx of drug and alcohol use

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19
Q

diagnostics for chronic gastritis

A

endoscopic exam with biopsy, CBC

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20
Q

if vomiting accompanies acute gastritis, what is prescribed?

A

bed rest, NPO, IV fluids

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21
Q

what drugs are given for N & V in acute gastritis?

A

antiemetics

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22
Q

in those with acute gastritis and hemorrhage is likely, what do we do?

A

VS frequently, check vomit for blood

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23
Q

what drugs are given to relieve symptoms of abdominal discomfort in those with acute gastritis?

A

antacids

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24
Q

treatment of chronic gastritis focuses on?

A

eliminating the cause such as cessation of alcohol and drugs

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25
diet of those with chronic gastritis
non irritating, 6 meals a day, use of antacid after meals, smoking contraindicated
26
what PUD?
erosion of the GI mucosa
27
what does PUD result from?
digestive action of HCL and pepsin
28
how are acute ulcers characterized?
superficial erosion and minimal inflammation
29
whats more common, acute or chronic ulcers?
chronic
30
what type of environment do peptic ulcers develop in?
acidic
31
where are gastric ulcers commonly found?
lesser curvature close to the antral junction
32
whats more common, gastric or duodenal ulcers?
duodenal
33
whats stress related mucosal disease?
condition of acute ulcers that develop after a major insult such a trauma or surgery
34
do those with gastric or duodenal ulcers commonly experience pain?
no as there are not many pain receptors
35
clinical manifestations of gastric ulcer?
- burning, cramping, pressure like pain is upper mid epigastric region - pain 1-2 hours post meals - pain can be worse with food intake - N&V - weight lss
36
clinical manifestations of duodenal ulcers
- pain 2-4 hours after meals | - N & V
37
how is pain of duodenal ulcers relieved?
- antacids or food
38
major complications of chronic PUD?
hemorrhage, perforation, gastric outlet obstruction
39
diagnostics of PUD?
- hx - physical exam - endoscopy - urea breath test - barium studies - gastric analysis - CBC
40
acute management of acute PUD?
- NPO - ABCS and VS - IV fluid replacement - best rest - blood transfusions - NG suction
41
conservative management of PUD?
``` adequate rest bland diet 6 smalls day per day no smoking or alcohol or caffeine or irritating food reduce stress ```
42
nursing diagnoses of PUD?
acute pain ineffective health management N
43
appendicitis?
inflammation of appendix
44
cause of appendicitis
occlusion of appendiceal lumen by feces
45
what can occlusion of appendiceal lumen lead to?
infection, abscesses, gangrenem perforation, peritonitis
46
S&S of appendicitis
- periumbilical pain - anorexia - N&V - leukocytosis
47
physical assessment findings of appendicitis
``` mcburney point rebound tenderness muscle guarding lies still with flexed right leg low grade fever movement aggravates pain ```
48
diagnostic studies of appendicitis
- hx and physcial exam - WBC count - imaging studies like x ray ct and ultrasound
49
collaborative care for appendicitis
``` no use of laxatives NPO no heat monitor for peritonitis appendectomy antibiotics IV fluids ```
50
peritonitis
inflammation of peritoneum
51
what causes peritonitis
trauma or rupture of an organ containing bacteria or irritants
52
most common symptom of peritonitis
abdominal pain
53
universal sign of peritonitis
tenderness
54
diagnostic studies of peritonitis
``` CBC hx physical exam serum electrolytes abdominal radiographic exam abdominal paracentesis and culture of fluid ct scan ultrasiund peritonoscopy ```
55
therapy for non op or pre op in those with peritonitis
``` npo O2 fluid replacement antibiotics NG suction analgesics ```
56
therapy for post op in pt with peritonitis
``` NPO NG suction semi fowlers IV fluids antibiotics blood transfusions sedatives ```
57
inflammatory bowel disease
crohns and ulcerative colitis
58
ulcerative colitis
inflammation of rectum and colon
59
when does UC peak
ages 15-25
60
what does UC cause
hyperemia and edema | malabsorption
61
what do ulcers cause
bleeding and diarrhea
62
what does inflammation cause
decreased surface area for absorption
63
major symptoms of UC
bloody diarrhea and abdominal pain
64
what does a mild case of UC look like
1-2 semi formed stools with small amounts of blood per day
65
what does a moderate case of UC look like
increased stool, 4-5 stools per day, increased bleeding with fever and anorexia
66
what does a severe case of UC look like
10-20 loose stools per day with increased bleeding and contains mucous, weight loss, tachycardia, dehydration, anemia
67
complications of UC
``` hemorrhage perforation toxic megacolon fulminant colitis greater risk of colon cancer ```
68
toxic megacolon
extensive dilation and paralysis of colon
69
fulminant colitis
severe form of acute colitis
70
extraintestinal manifestations of UC
``` arthritis osteoporosis finger clubbing ulcers of mouth conjuctivitis erythema thromboembolism clostridium difficile gall stones kidney stones ```
71
diagnostics of UC
``` hx physical exam cbc wbc ct mri barium enema ```
72
collaborative care for UC
- rest bowel inflammation/infection manage fluids and nutrition manage stress
73
nursing management for UC
pain control fluid and electrolyte balance i and os monitor stool
74
crohns disease
chronic inflammatory bowel disorder
75
origin of crohns
unknown
76
affects what part of the body
from mouth to anus (GI tract)
77
what ages does crohns commonly affect
15-30
78
cm of crohns
diarrhea, fatigue, abdominal pain, weight loss, fever, dehydration, anemia, perineal disease
79
extra intestinal complications of crohns
arthritis | finger clubbing
80
complications of crohns
``` fistulas malabsorption arthritis liver disease bowel perforation ```
81
diagnostics of crohns
``` -hx physical endoscopy barium studies electrolytes cBC ESR check stool for blood ```
82
diet for crohns
``` high calorie high vitamin high protein dairy free low residue low fat inj of vit b 12 ```
83
drugs for crohns
antimicrobial agents corticosteroid drugs immunosuppressnts immunomodulators

CNUR 203 (4 decks)

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