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HRM Test 1 > GH & PRL - Trachte > Flashcards

GH & PRL - Trachte Flashcards

1
Q

GHIH (Growth hormone inhibitory hormone) is the same as…..

A

SOMATOSTATIN

Inhibits GH release

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2
Q

What two hormones are secreted from the hypothalamus in regards to GH?

A

GHRH

GHIH (Somatostatin)

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3
Q

There are 5 somatostatin receptors…. what kind of receptor are they?

A

Gi-coupled receptor
Decrease cAMP
Activate K+ channels

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4
Q

Aside from somatostatin what neurotransmitter can inhibit GH release?

A

Dopamine

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5
Q

What type of receptor is the GHRH receptor?

A

Gs-coupled receptor
Stimulates adenylyl cylcase
Increases cAMP

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6
Q

What cells in the anterior pituitary produce GH?

A

Somatotropes

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7
Q

GHBP binds GH in the serum… GHBP also indicates tissue levels of GH receptor… why is that?

A

GHBP is the ectodomain of the GH receptor, which is solubilized

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8
Q

What type of receptor does GH bind on target tissues?

A

Cytokine receptor (with tyrosine kinase activity) that activates JAK/STAT second messenger signal transduction pathway

this is how all “growth factor receptors” work!!!!*

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9
Q

What are the final hormones mediating GH Axis effects?

A

Growth Hormone

IGF-1

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10
Q

What organ produces IGF-1 after being stimulated by GH?

A

The liver!

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11
Q

How does GH affect serum glucose?

A

Diabetogenic! Causes hyperglycemia due to decreased insulin sensitivity

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12
Q

How does IGF-1 affect serum glucose?

A

Hypoglycemia

It has insulin like activity

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13
Q

Is IGF-1 or GH better at stimulating chondrogenesis at epipyseal growth plates in children?

A

IGF-1

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14
Q

What stimulates GHIH release?

A

IGF-1 (negative feedback!)

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15
Q

What is Sermorelin?

A

GHRH analog

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16
Q

What is Laron-type Dwarfism?

A

GH receptor variant which has weak binding to GH

Results in LOW IGF-1 levels

Autosomal recessive, present at birth

17
Q

What determines if hypersecretion of GH will result in gigantism or acromegaly?

A

Determined by timing of epiphyseal plates closure

Hypersecretion in adults - leads to acromegaly

18
Q

What is the first indication of GH hypersecretion?

A

Elevated IGF-1

19
Q

What is the primary treatment for GH hypersecretion?

A

Somatostatin analogues (Octreotide)

Dopamine Agonists (D2) = Bromocriptine

20
Q

What is bromocriptine?

A

Dopamine agonist used to treat GH hypersecretion

21
Q

What is Octerotide?

A

Somatostatin analogue used to treat GH hypersecretion

22
Q

What is Pegvisomant?

A

Growth Hormone receptor antagonist used to treat GH hypersecretion

**basically binds GHR and is so big, that it doesn’t let the cross phosphorylation happen…. neato!

23
Q

What is needed for a clinical diagnosis of GH hyposecretion?

A

GnRH-arginine costimulation test (should raise GH levels)

or

Insulin tolerance test (induces hypoglycemia which should stimulate GH)

24
Q

What is the primary inhibitory factor for prolactin?

A

Dopamine! (D2 receptors)

25
Q

Is prolactin primarily under stimulatory or inhibitory control?

A

Inhibitory!!

Prolactin releasing hormone is “hypothetical”

26
Q

What cells produce and secrete prolactin?

A

Mammotrophs

27
Q

What happens to prolactin if you block the hypophyseal portal system?

A

IT GOES UP!!!!! (because it is under inhibition!)

28
Q

Does prolactin stimulate milk production or secretion?

A

PRODUCTION!

29
Q

What kind of receptor is the prolactin receptor?

A

Tyrosine kinase!

30
Q

Does prolactin participate in a negative feed back loop?

A

Nope!

31
Q

What would you use to treat a hyperprolactinemia tumor?

A

Dopamine agonists!
Cabergoline
Bromociptine

32
Q

What is Cabergoline?

A

Dopamin agonist!
Used to treat hyperprolactinemia tumor

**preferred to other dopamine agonists because it has higher efficacy in normalizing prolactin levels, and higher frequency of tumor shrinkage! NEAT

HRM Test 1 (11 decks)

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