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372 > ggrowth and development: infants, toddlers, preschool > Flashcards

ggrowth and development: infants, toddlers, preschool Flashcards

1
Q

when does the most growth and development happen

A

infancy

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2
Q

principles of growth and developmental

A

cephalocadual
proximodistal
hierachichal intergration
independence of systems

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3
Q

growth occurring from head to toe is known as

A

cephalocadual

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4
Q

proximodistal

A

centre to periphery, truck grows before periphery
can move arms as baby cant pick up stuff

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5
Q

hierachial itnergration

A

simple skills develop seperately and then are intergrated
- move fingers and then grasp

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6
Q

different body systems growing at different rates

A

independence of systems

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7
Q

sequential trends

A

things grow at a predictable sequence

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8
Q

developmental pace has

A

accelration and decelrations

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9
Q

can another area experience growth spurt before one finishes?

A

no, one has to finish before the next

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10
Q

sensitivity period example

A

socialization - first 2 years
reading abilities and skills- important to do it earlier

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11
Q

Erickson theory

A

psychosocial developement

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12
Q

piaget theory

A

cognitive development

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13
Q

Kohlberg theory

A

moral development

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14
Q

industry vs inferiority

A

busy people, learning to learn trying new things
well in school = competence
not doing well = inferiority

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15
Q

erikson developmental phases

A

trust vs mistrust - birth to 1 year
autonomy vs shame and doubt - 1-3 (terrible 2s)
initiative vs guilt - 3-6
industry vs inferiority 6-12y
identity vs role confusion 12-18

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16
Q

identity vs role confusion

A

peers become important
not separating from parent - role confusion

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17
Q

cognitive theory

A

sensorimotor (birth - 2)
preoperational 2-7
concrete operations 7-11
formal operations 11-15

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18
Q

when is egocentrisim and what is it

A

cant see other peoples POV
under preop

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19
Q

concrete operations 7-11

A

learning conversation
logical
thought
still concrete but socialized thought

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20
Q

sensorimotor

A

reflex
imitate behaviour
develop cause and effect
object permance

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21
Q

when are thoughts more abstract

A

formal operations
- very reactive and not thoughtful

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22
Q

moral developmental theory

A

preconventional
conventional
postconventional
- might be stuck in one

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23
Q

preconventional level

A

whats in it for me? no loyalty
good/ bad/ right/ wrong

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24
Q

conventional

A

social normals
- loyalty
want approval

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25
postconventional
there are rules, but say they might not be valid high level of ethics social justice
26
cognitive decelopment for infants
learning but shapes and colors, noises, object permace solitary play
27
define object permanece
knowing an object exists despite it being hidden
28
when do babies reject strangers
6 months
29
when do babies iron levels drop
6 months, GI tract is mature enough to handle nutrients
30
feeding guidelines
1 food at a time finger food can grasp food hand eye coordination cups at 8-9 months no fruit juices
31
when should babies drink cows milk
9 months later
32
should babies have fruit juices
no, too much sugar
33
avoid what foods
unpasturized honey
34
newborn sleeping patterns
put baby to sleep when partially sleep baby on back in parents room first 6 months
35
self soothing
let babies go to sleep by themselves
36
is spanking ok
no but start discipline early- toddler stages (about educating, not punishment
37
toddlers
routines = safety , very important say no a lot cuz its easy to say high metabolic state, grow easy bored easily
38
how many times does a tiddler have to do smt to be familair with it
10-12
39
physiological anorexia
normal, ensure they eat healthy food
40
when do kids need to see a dentist
1 year
41
should toddlers eat on the go
no, choking hazard
42
should toddlers go to bed with juice or milk
no , cavites
43
when should kids start using cups
1 year
44
how long does it take to toilet train
3-4 months - girls do it faster
45
signs of readiness for toilet learning
physical readiness cognitive readiness psychological readiness parental readiness
46
physical readiness, in terms of toilet training
- control sphincter (usually by 24-30m) - regular BM walk, squat - stay dry for 2 hours remove clothing
47
cognitive readiness for toilet training
express if they have an accident follow directions imitate behaviours need to know if they have to pee
48
psychological readiness for toilet training
- need to be able to sit for 5-10 mins - observe others toilet habits willing to please parent want to be changed asap with wet diapers no big house changes at this time
49
parental needs for toilet training
recognized kids readiness no stress in the family
50
discipling toddlers
about education, abuse is not okay
51
common normal behaviours from toddlers
- negativity, saying no, giving choices to get over it regression, with a lot of stress and changes temper tantrums cuz no good language skills ritualism: helps with safety
52
temper tantrums
ignore them, stay calm redirecting asserting independence assess childs needs before leaving the house dont have coping ability
53
effective displicine toddlers
redirecting simple explanation
54
preschoolers
- start to settle down - 3-6 - logical thinking initiative vs guilt self of identity transduction thinking understanding right and wrong egocentric dysfluency - stuttering, starting senctence, not finishing
55
do preschoolers have conversational thinking
no, but they have magical thinking
56
how to reduce nightmares
no scary books or movies help calm fears routine nightlight
57
preschool discipline
time out, same amount as age redirect set limits and rules small consequences
58
preschoolers lanague
2100 at age 5 3-4 : sentences of 3-4 words disfluency is common very literal at age 4-5 , 4-5 word sentences
59
what is NDDS
developmental screening
60
preschool and dental
brush and floss can get cavities healthy diet decrease sugar
61
preschool safety
less reckless need adult to cross street injury prevention forward facing car seat
62
when does industry vs inferiority kick in
school aged kids
63
concrete operational thoughts
school age can solve problems not abstract yet art projects, poems learning about conservation
64
discipline in school aged
they still want approval from parents have consistency setting boundaries supervising want self-effacy, losen rules appropriate motivators spend time with family
65
accepatable means of discipline
withdrawn or delay of privileges time out logical consequences
66
school aged x nutrition
teach them, involve them with making lunch, more likely to eat them
67
when do secondary teeth come in
6 year old
68
malocclusion
teeth arent lined up braces!
69
avulsion
tooth comes out, it got knocked out KEEP ROOT ALIVE PUT IT BACK IN GO TO DENTIST
70
HOW MUCH sleep do school aged children need
10-12 hours
71
how long do kids need to stay in the back seat
12 year old
72
changing to booster seat is determined by
height and weight
73
concussion with no rest
decrease in memory, ability, just bad overall

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