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372 > ggrowth and development: infants, toddlers, preschool > Flashcards

ggrowth and development: infants, toddlers, preschool Flashcards

1
Q

when does the most growth and development happen

A

infancy

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2
Q

principles of growth and developmental

A

cephalocadual
proximodistal
hierachichal intergration
independence of systems

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3
Q

growth occurring from head to toe is known as

A

cephalocadual

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4
Q

proximodistal

A

centre to periphery, truck grows before periphery
can move arms as baby cant pick up stuff

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5
Q

hierachial itnergration

A

simple skills develop seperately and then are intergrated
- move fingers and then grasp

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6
Q

different body systems growing at different rates

A

independence of systems

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7
Q

sequential trends

A

things grow at a predictable sequence

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8
Q

developmental pace has

A

accelration and decelrations

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9
Q

can another area experience growth spurt before one finishes?

A

no, one has to finish before the next

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10
Q

sensitivity period example

A

socialization - first 2 years
reading abilities and skills- important to do it earlier

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11
Q

Erickson theory

A

psychosocial developement

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12
Q

piaget theory

A

cognitive development

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13
Q

Kohlberg theory

A

moral development

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14
Q

industry vs inferiority

A

busy people, learning to learn trying new things
well in school = competence
not doing well = inferiority

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15
Q

erikson developmental phases

A

trust vs mistrust - birth to 1 year
autonomy vs shame and doubt - 1-3 (terrible 2s)
initiative vs guilt - 3-6
industry vs inferiority 6-12y
identity vs role confusion 12-18

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16
Q

identity vs role confusion

A

peers become important
not separating from parent - role confusion

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17
Q

cognitive theory

A

sensorimotor (birth - 2)
preoperational 2-7
concrete operations 7-11
formal operations 11-15

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18
Q

when is egocentrisim and what is it

A

cant see other peoples POV
under preop

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19
Q

concrete operations 7-11

A

learning conversation
logical
thought
still concrete but socialized thought

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20
Q

sensorimotor

A

reflex
imitate behaviour
develop cause and effect
object permance

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21
Q

when are thoughts more abstract

A

formal operations
- very reactive and not thoughtful

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22
Q

moral developmental theory

A

preconventional
conventional
postconventional
- might be stuck in one

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23
Q

preconventional level

A

whats in it for me? no loyalty
good/ bad/ right/ wrong

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24
Q

conventional

A

social normals
- loyalty
want approval

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25
Q

postconventional

A

there are rules, but say they might not be valid
high level of ethics
social justice

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26
Q

cognitive decelopment for infants

A

learning but shapes and colors, noises, object permace
solitary play

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27
Q

define object permanece

A

knowing an object exists despite it being hidden

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28
Q

when do babies reject strangers

A

6 months

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29
Q

when do babies iron levels drop

A

6 months, GI tract is mature enough to handle nutrients

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30
Q

feeding guidelines

A

1 food at a time
finger food
can grasp food
hand eye coordination
cups at 8-9 months
no fruit juices

31
Q

when should babies drink cows milk

A

9 months later

32
Q

should babies have fruit juices

A

no, too much sugar

33
Q

avoid what foods

A

unpasturized honey

34
Q

newborn sleeping patterns

A

put baby to sleep when partially sleep
baby on back
in parents room first 6 months

35
Q

self soothing

A

let babies go to sleep by themselves

36
Q

is spanking ok

A

no
but start discipline early- toddler stages (about educating, not punishment

37
Q

toddlers

A

routines = safety , very important
say no a lot cuz its easy to say
high metabolic state, grow easy
bored easily

38
Q

how many times does a tiddler have to do smt to be familair with it

A

10-12

39
Q

physiological anorexia

A

normal, ensure they eat healthy food

40
Q

when do kids need to see a dentist

A

1 year

41
Q

should toddlers eat on the go

A

no, choking hazard

42
Q

should toddlers go to bed with juice or milk

A

no , cavites

43
Q

when should kids start using cups

A

1 year

44
Q

how long does it take to toilet train

A

3-4 months
- girls do it faster

45
Q

signs of readiness for toilet learning

A

physical readiness
cognitive readiness
psychological readiness
parental readiness

46
Q

physical readiness, in terms of toilet training

A
  • control sphincter (usually by 24-30m)
  • regular BM
    walk, squat
  • stay dry for 2 hours
    remove clothing
47
Q

cognitive readiness for toilet training

A

express if they have an accident
follow directions
imitate behaviours
need to know if they have to pee

48
Q

psychological readiness for toilet training

A
  • need to be able to sit for 5-10 mins
  • observe others toilet habits
    willing to please parent
    want to be changed asap with wet diapers
    no big house changes at this time
49
Q

parental needs for toilet training

A

recognized kids readiness
no stress in the family

50
Q

discipling toddlers

A

about education, abuse is not okay

51
Q

common normal behaviours from toddlers

A
  • negativity, saying no, giving choices to get over it
    regression, with a lot of stress and changes
    temper tantrums cuz no good language skills
    ritualism: helps with safety
52
Q

temper tantrums

A

ignore them, stay calm
redirecting
asserting independence
assess childs needs before leaving the house
dont have coping ability

53
Q

effective displicine toddlers

A

redirecting
simple explanation

54
Q

preschoolers

A
  • start to settle down - 3-6
  • logical thinking
    initiative vs guilt
    self of identity
    transduction thinking
    understanding right and wrong
    egocentric dysfluency - stuttering, starting senctence, not finishing
55
Q

do preschoolers have conversational thinking

A

no, but they have magical thinking

56
Q

how to reduce nightmares

A

no scary books or movies
help calm fears
routine
nightlight

57
Q

preschool discipline

A

time out, same amount as age
redirect
set limits and rules
small consequences

58
Q

preschoolers lanague

A

2100 at age 5
3-4 : sentences of 3-4 words
disfluency is common
very literal at age 4-5 , 4-5 word sentences

59
Q

what is NDDS

A

developmental screening

60
Q

preschool and dental

A

brush and floss
can get cavities
healthy diet
decrease sugar

61
Q

preschool safety

A

less reckless
need adult to cross street
injury prevention
forward facing car seat

62
Q

when does industry vs inferiority kick in

A

school aged kids

63
Q

concrete operational thoughts

A

school age
can solve problems
not abstract yet
art projects, poems
learning about conservation

64
Q

discipline in school aged

A

they still want approval from parents
have consistency
setting boundaries
supervising
want self-effacy, losen rules
appropriate motivators
spend time with family

65
Q

accepatable means of discipline

A

withdrawn or delay of privileges
time out
logical consequences

66
Q

school aged x nutrition

A

teach them, involve them with making lunch, more likely to eat them

67
Q

when do secondary teeth come in

A

6 year old

68
Q

malocclusion

A

teeth arent lined up
braces!

69
Q

avulsion

A

tooth comes out, it got knocked out
KEEP ROOT ALIVE
PUT IT BACK IN GO TO DENTIST

70
Q

HOW MUCH sleep do school aged children need

A

10-12 hours

71
Q

how long do kids need to stay in the back seat

A

12 year old

72
Q

changing to booster seat is determined by

A

height and weight

73
Q

concussion with no rest

A

decrease in memory, ability, just bad overall

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