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Final > Gg > Flashcards

Gg Flashcards

1
Q

A patient presented with HBsAg (-ve), Hb core IgM (-), and HBsAB (+ve)

A

Recently vaccinated

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2
Q

A lady and her husband recently came back from travel and they developed signs of
liver disease, during their trip they had consumed oysters

A

HAV

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3
Q

A lady presented with ALT and AST increased (over 1000). Her husband recently
came back from India 3 weeks ago. Which would be useful for diagnosis?

A

HAV IGM

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4
Q

Mirco question about celiac disease

A

TH1 cells stimulated by gluten to release cytokines (something like that)

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5
Q

A 19 years old male who underwent a colonoscopy and was found to have multiple
polyps in his colon. He also has a family history of colon disease. Which mutation
does he have?

A

APC

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6
Q

Lactase deficiency, what is expected?

A

No glucose change, high H2

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7
Q

A young girl with malnutrition (several things are low) and positive tissue
transglutaminase ab (IgA). What is the best next step to confirm the diagnosis?

A

small bowel biopsy

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8
Q

How is unconjugated bile taken up into hepatocytes?

A

Bound to albumin and binds to ligandin

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9
Q

Role of bacteria in bile salts processing?

A

Converts bile salts to bile acid

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10
Q

Micelles are essential in absorption of what?

A

Vit d

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11
Q

A lady who is 162 cm, 62 Kg, has an increased total bilirubin, decreased direct bilirubin and yet she was healthy with no symptoms. What could she have?

A

Gilbert syndrome

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12
Q

. A lady applying to a job was found to have an abnormal parameter in her blood tests

A

(chronic case of hepatitis)

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13
Q

A patient with chronic pancreatitis, complained of a large amount of fatty foul smelling
stool. what is the cause of her symptoms?

A

low lipase

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14
Q

What separates the lesser sac from the left paracolic gutter?

A

Gastrosplenic ligament

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15
Q

Fluid around the right kidney, where does it go while standing? (not sure if it is renal
or gi)

A

Right Iliac fossa

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16
Q

Which disease is an example of autoimmune pancreatitis type 1 ?

A

IgG4-related disease

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17
Q

What occurs in prolonged starvation?

A

decrease gluconeogenesis

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18
Q

Colon cancer in the proximal colon that can be treated by immunotherapy. What
describes the cms?

A

MSI & BRAF

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19
Q

Patient with NASH who was doing well and presented a bit of fatigue. on cbc, he had
high bilirubin, prolonged INR, low albumin, low platelets, low hb. What indicates that
there is an increase in pressure in the portal vein?

A

Low platelet

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20
Q

What is the difference between a descending colon and ileum under a microscope?

A

No Lymphatics in lamina propria in colon, …

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21
Q

Which drug causes black tongue?

A

Bismuth

22
Q

What drug is best to use for a patient’s calcium stones?

A

Hydrochlorothiazide

23
Q

Metoclopramide MOA

A

dopamine D2 antagonist but also acts as an agonist on serotonin 5-HT4 receptors and causes weak inhibition of 5-HT3 receptors.

24
Q

really long case… past african with rectal bleeding. What is best used to diagnose
colon cancer? (african american presenting with bleeding, he thinks that its
hemorrhoids because he does weight lifting, what would you do to screen him for
colon cancer)

A

colonoscopy

25
Q

which is not essential for protein digestion, meaning that protein digestion won’t be
affected after gastrectomy?

A

pepsin

26
Q

GI biochem: What type of error/mutation happens in microsatellite instability ?

A

Replication

27
Q

Mass in liver with central scar, with bile duct proliferation, with vessels between septa
(not sure how it was written) multiple gallstones & thickened gallbladder membrane.
a mass in the liver was noted to be well circumfered and there was a central scar.

A

focal nodular hyperplasia

28
Q

A mass is salivary gland has Polyhedral cells with granular eosinophilic cytoplasm
and mitochondria hyperplasia (not the exact wording but it was something like that)

A

Oncocytoma

29
Q

Dome shaped swelling in the floor of the mouth lateral from the midline causing an
Obstruction to the salivary gland

A

ranula

30
Q

What is the most common cause of peptic ulcer disease?

A

NSAIDS

31
Q

What form of b12 is oral and why?

A

Cyanocobalamin, stable

32
Q

Pt with night sweats, fever, weight loss, he didn’t travel recently, he presented with
abdominal pain and there was round ulcer in the ileum over hyperplastic peyer
patches. he presented with abdominal pain & diarrhea. There was a perforation
found.

A

Typhoid ileitis

33
Q

Radiology shows a mass in the quadrate lobe of liver, during excision of the mass,
what vessel should be clamped to avoid bleeding?

A

Left hepatic artery

34
Q

. A woman reports fecal incontinence. Examination shows weakening of the external
anal sphincter. What nerve innervates the external anal sphincter?

A

Pudendal

35
Q

A colonoscopy was done to a female who had an 8mm pedunculated polyp in the
ascending colon. The polyp was excised, it was adenomatous and showed tubular
structure. When should be the next surveillance colonoscopy?

A

5 years

36
Q

How to prevent food going into the larynx during swallowing in the pharyngeal
phase?

A

constrict laryngeal opening

37
Q

a case of mild fatigue and fecal oral transmission w/ AST ( and I think abdominal
discomfort)

A

HEV

38
Q

A 39-year-old man with raised liver enzymes. Biopsy showed ground glass
cytoplasm, active inflammation, and damaged hepatocytes. What is the diagnosis?

A

HBV

39
Q

A patient with appendicitis, where would his pain be located?

A

T10

40
Q

After a radiograph revealed a sialolith (stone) in a patient’s right submandibular duct,
the surgeon exposed the duct via an intraoral approach. In this approach, what
tissues or structures must be cut through?

A

Mucous membrane only

41
Q

During tonsillectomy procedure, which nerve is likely to be injured?

A

Glossopharyngeal

42
Q

A case of liver cirrhosis. Which indicates decompensation?

A

Low ferritin

43
Q

Which artery crosses the ischioanal fossa?

A

Inferior rectal artery

44
Q

Repeated middle ear infections have destroyed the tympanic plexus in the middle ear
cavity. The loss of preganglionic parasympathetic fibers that pass through the plexus
diminish production of:

A

Saliva by the parotid gland

45
Q

patient with long term retrosternal pain presented with weight loss (they specified
how much) over the last 3 months and difficulty swallowing solids

A

adenocarcinoma of esophagus

46
Q

Receptive relaxation of the stomach after vagotomy? (not sure if im mixing two
questions up)

A

VIP

47
Q

From which roots does the greater splanchnic arise

A

T5 - T9

48
Q

Which of the following is a function of a parasympathetic muscarinic receptor?

A

relax GI sphincter

49
Q

single unit vs multi unit

A

Single unit is connected by gap junctions

50
Q

what characterizes slow waves

A

generated by enteric nervous system

51
Q

Why does hepatitis A cases in Kuwait increase in September to october?

A

Return of expats from vacation

Final (3 decks)

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