Gerontology

Question 1

What % people in the UK are >65?

Answer 1

16%

Question 2

What % inpatients in hospital are >65?

Answer 2

65%

Question 3

What % people over 80 have dementia?

Answer 3

20%

Question 4

Causes of death in geriatrics (4)

Answer 4

Frailty, co-morbidity, dementia
Organ failure
Cancer
Sudden death

Question 5

/20 - Causes of death - fraility, co-morbidity, dementia

Answer 5

8/20

Question 6

/20 - causes of death - organ failure

Answer 6

6/20

Question 7

/20 - Causes of death - cancer

Answer 7

5/20

Question 8

/20 - causes of death - sudden death

Answer 8

1/20

Question 9

What are the 10 principles of geriatric medicine?

Answer 9

1 - Ageing itself is not a disease
2 - Geriatric conditions are chronic, multiple and multifactoral
3 - Reversible conditions are underdiagnosed and underTx
4 - Function + QOL are critical outcomes
5 - Social support and patient preferences = critical outcomes
6 - Geriatrics is MDT
7 - Cognitive and affective disorders are prevalent + freq underdiagnosed at early stages
8 - Iatrogenic disease = more common + preventable
9 - Care = provided in multiple settings
10 - Ethical and end of life issues

Question 10

Genetic theories of the biology of aging

Answer 10

Genes switch on/off

Telomere shortening

Question 11

Error based theories of ageing (3)

Answer 11

Oxidative stress + free radicals
Mitochondrial dysfunction
Wear + tear

Question 12

Social theories of ageing (3)

Answer 12

Disengagement
Decreased activity
Life course

Question 13

Homeostatic impairment in elderly people

Answer 13

Hypothermia
Impaired BP regulation - postural HoTN
Impaired Na+ + K regulation
Impaired balance

Question 14

Physiology of ageing (5)

Answer 14

Body fat incr + centrally distributed 
Decr body water 
Decr mm 
Decr antibody/incr autoantibody prod 
Decr T cells