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CP2 - HCOLL > Falls > Flashcards

Falls Flashcards

1
Q

What % of over 65s fall each year

A

1/3

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2
Q

How many falls in 1 year is significant

A

> 2

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3
Q

What % of falls have a CV cause

A

up to 55%

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4
Q

Intrinsic RF falls (5)

A 
Female
Neurological disease
Cognitive decline 
Visual deficit 
Mm weakness
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5
Q

Extrinsic RF falls (5)

A 
Polypharmacy 
Bifocals 
Walking aids 
Footwear 
Home hazards
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6
Q

Things to assess in falls assessment (12)

A 
Vision
Vestibular system 
Proprioception 
Effector mechanisms (quadriceps) 
BP 
Cognition 
Heart sounds (ejection systolic murmur) 
HR/Rhythm 
Signs of cardiac failure 
MSK system 
Neurological system/gait
Footwear + walking aids
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7
Q

Ix falls (

A 
ECG
lying + standing BP at 0,1,3mins 
FBC
U+E
CK
Bone biochemistry 
TFT
Echo
CT head
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8
Q

Mx - falls prevention

A

Medical review
Strength and balance training
Home hazards assessment

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9
Q

Post fall med review - drugs to be wary of (4)

A

Sedatives
Psychotropic Dx
Opiates
Dx affecting BP

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10
Q

Mx postural HOTN (4)

A

Adequate hydration
Salt intake
Graded standing
Compression stockings

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11
Q

Physio Mx - falls (3)

A

Strength + balance staining
Aerobic exercise
Exercise programmes at least twice a week

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12
Q

Characteristics of a ‘cautious gait’ (5)

A 
Anxious 
Wide base 
Short steps
Normal postural reflexes 
Slow
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13
Q

Characteristics of an ‘apraxic gait’ (6)

A 
Feet glued to floor 
Difficulty initiating 
Shuffling, wide based 
Arm swing preserved 
UMN signs 
Difficulty turning, some freezing
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14
Q

Characteristics of a ‘hemiplegic gait’ (3)

A

Circumduction of hip
Hyperextension of knee
UMN signs

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15
Q

Characteristics of ‘cerebellar gait’ (4)

A

Ataxic
Staggering
Broad base
Other cerebellar signs

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16
Q

Characteristics of ‘Parkinsonism gait’ (6)

A 
Short shuffling gait 
Hesitant, festinant 
Loss postural reflexes 
Loss arm swing 
Stooped posture
Difficulty turning
17
Q

Characteristics of ‘Paraplegic gait’ (2)

A

Bilateral circumduction of hips

Scissoring gait

18
Q

Characteristics of a ‘Sensory/Ataxic gait’

A

Stamping
Broad based
Rombergs +ve

19
Q

Causes of a sensory/ataxic gait (3)

A

DM
B12 deficiency
Dx

20
Q

Characteristics of ‘myopathic gait’ (2)

A

Waddling

Exaggerated lumbar lordosis

21
Q

Causes of myopathic gait (2)

A

Proximal myopathy

Musculodystrophy

22
Q

Characteristics of neuropathic gait (3)

A

Distal weakness
Poor dorsiflexion
High stepping

23
Q

Syncope

A

Transient loss of consciousness due to transient global cerebral hypoperfusion characterised by rapid onset, short duration and complete recovery

24
Q

DDx Syncope (8)

A 
Epilepsy 
Metabolic - hypoxia/hypoglycaemia 
Intoxication 
Vertebrobasilar TIA 
Cataplexy 
Drop attacks 
Falls 
Psychogenic syncope

CP2 - HCOLL (13 decks)

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