Germany's international position Flashcards

1
Q

What was Stresemann’s policy of fulfilment

A
  • had one clear aim -> revise the terms of the T of V.
  • policy of fulfilment -> cooperate with France, GB and US and Italy on reparations and removing allied occupation forces from German territory.
    -> believed occupation would lead to more revision of the T of V -> more effective then a confrontational approach.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What was the Locarno Pact

A
  • Stresemann aimed to restore international position and avoid hostile alliance between Britain and France.
    -> finally signed in LDN on 1 Dec 1925:
  • Rhineland Pact: Germany, France and Belgium promise to respect the western frontier as drawn up at T of V in 1919.
    -> regarded as fixed and guaranteed.
  • Germany was to keep its troops out of Rhineland, as demanded at Versailles.
  • Arbitration Treaties: Agree with France, Belgium, Poland and Czechoslovakia that any dispute would be settled by a conciliation committee with discussions.
  • France sign ‘mutual guarantee’ with Poland and Czechoslovakia -> France makes sure German sticks to argument.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What was the impact of the Locarno Pact

A
  • major triumph, was the 1st time Germany recognised western border and accepted loss of Alsace-Lorraine to France and Eupen-Malmedy to Belgium.
  • French guarantee support from Britain should there be another German attack.
  • French agree to withdraw from Rhineland -> achieved over the next 5 years -> city of Cologne was evacuated in 1926.
  • great achievement for Germany -> established Germany as a equal partner in negotiation with the allies.
    -> nationalists attack Stresemann for trying to appease the Allies.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What were relations with the USSR like

A
  • similar post-war situations, despite different systems.
    -> both suffered punitive peace treaties.
    -> both treated as ‘outcast’ nations, not allowed to join the League of Nations.
  • April 1922, Walter Rathenau negotiates the Treaty of Rapallo.
  • April 1926, the Treaty of Berlin.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What was the Treaty of Rapallo

A
  • April 1922, Walter Rathenau negotiates Treaty of Rapallo:
  • Germany and Russia resumed trade and economic cooperation.
  • All claims for compensation for war damage were dropped.
  • Germany was allowed to develop new weapons and train pilots in Russia -> away from Allied Scrutiny.
    -> allowed to build subs in Spain.
    -> tanks and artillery were developed in Sweden.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What was the impact of the Treaty of Rapallo

A
  • a symbolic step away from post-war isolation.
  • allies, especially France were angered.
    -> revealed intention to work around disarmament terms and refusal to accept eastern border with Poland.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What was the treaty of Berlin

A
  • April 1926 -> renewed the earlier treaty of the Treaty of Rapallo.
  • agreed that Germany would remain neutral if USSR were involved in the war, as long as the USSR were not aggressors.
  • was signed after the Locarno Pact -> stresemann still aimed to secure revision of Eastern borders.
    -> close relationship with the USSR was vital -> USSR would resist any border changes it didn’t agree with.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

How did the allies attempt to ensure Germany would comply with disarmament clause

A
  • an Inter-Allied Control Commission (IMCC) was established to monitor them.
    -> however Treaty of Apollo showed Germany could find ways of getting around the disarmament clauses.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

How did Germany get around the term of the limited army capacity

A
  • Under Germany Von Seeckt -> army found ways of getting around limit of the size of the army.
    -> most recruits were enlisted for short periods
    -> received military training.
    -> ensured a reserve of highly trained men who could be recalled to the army at short notice.
  • Von Seeckt aimed to restore military might by working to alliance with USSR -> aimed to destroy Poland.
    -> Politicians Rathenau and stresemann turned a blind eye to the extent of military cooperation.
  • secret rearmament driven by Army leaders -> tacit approved (secret approval) by politicians.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What was the Kellogg-Briand Pact

A
  • 1928 -> Frank Kellogg and Aristotle Briand drew up international agreement under which states would agree to voluntarily renounce the use of offensive wars to resolve disputes.
    -> Germany was one of the 1st states to sign.
  • Symbolic importance of international agreement to avoid war.
  • however there was lack of any enforcement mechanism which limited its effectiveness.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Explain the end of allied occupation

A
  • withdrawal was as a step-by-step process -> involved compromise and concession on both side.
  • after the Dawes Plan (1924) and Locarno Pact (1925) provided evidence of cooperation -> occupation withdrawn from zone 1 of Rhineland in 1926
    -> also withdrew the IMCC.
  • Once the Young Plan (1929) agreed on by the Germany -> withdrawal was clearly appropriate.
    -> withdrew from zone 3 in 1930 -> was 5 years ahead of schedule of T of V.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly