Germany Hitlers Rise To Power

Question 1

Bamberg conference

Answer 1

1926
Address splits between the socialist and nationalist wings of the Nazi party
Joesph Goebbles switched sides
Hitler established supremacy over Nazi party overcoming Strasser

Question 2

Wall Street crash

Answer 2

1929
US companies lost billions causing worldwide depression

German government increased taxes , cut wages and forced unemployment

German people were forced into unemployment and poverty - 6.1 million in 1933

This meant people were dissatisfied with Weimar government and more likely to show support for extreme parties

Question 3

Hitlers appeal and propaganda

Answer 3

Strong leader , image on most publicity material , great public speaker , spoke on radios , the party adopted modern technology , SA intimidation tactics

He persuaded : business people , working - class by offering work and food , middle - class by returning to traditional values and protecting against communism , rural communities protect against communism , young people by being part of something exciting , women by saying they were to save families and the nation

Question 4

Bruning

Answer 4

Chancellor 1932
Bans the SA
Hindenburg comes to power as president and Hitler increases share of vote
Bruning resigns after his plan is opposed by hindenburg

Question 5

Von papen

Answer 5

Replaces Bruning
Leaves in November 1932 as von Schleicher warns hindenburg that if von papen stays there will be civil war
Persuades Hindenburg to appoint Hitler as chancellor in Jan 1933

Question 6

Von schleicher

Answer 6

Puts Von papen forward to replace bruning
Agrees coalition with Hitler but only if the ban of SA is removed
Coaliton takes power
Becomes chancellor December 1932 but does not have support of public or nazis

Question 7

Nazis

Answer 7

Agree coalition with Von scheicher and the SA ban is removed
Nazis increase voting share in 1932 from 18% in 1930 to 30%
Hitler is appointed chancellor jan 1933

Question 8

SA

Answer 8

Hitlers stormtroopers
Nicknamed brown shirts
Ex soldiers
Set up 1921
Under control of ernst rohm
Disrupted opposition party meetings and control crowds
Violent

Question 9

25 point programme

Answer 9

Written by Hitler 1920

Increase pensions

Nationalise industries

Remove TOV

Everyone with a job

Build German armed forces

Only German races may be members of nation

Expand Germany

All citizens with equal rights and duties

Everyone with a chance of higher education

State to protect mothers and infants , stop children working and compulsory sports

Question 10

Reichstag fire

Answer 10

Feb 1933
Hitler blamed fire on communists
Van der Lubbe arrested and killed for starting it
4000 communists arrested
Hitler used this to ban parties , shut newspapers and hold people with trial

Question 11

General election

Answer 11

5 march 1933
Won 288 seats
2/3 majority allowed Hitler to change constitution

Question 12

Enabling act

Answer 12

23rd march 1933

Hitler proposed enabling act and used SA to intimidate opposition. Nazis won vote 444 to 94

This meant that Hitler could pass any laws without going through reichstag which ended Weimar democracy

Question 13

Effect of enabling act

Answer 13

Local governments: made Berlin government stronger than local governments. Abolished regional leaders and replaced them with nazi gautiers in April 1933

Political parties : July 1933 banned all parties other than NADSP and took funds

Trade unions : May 1933 arrested leaders and banned them

Question 14

The night of the long knives

Answer 14

Staged Hitler meeting in bad wiessee on 30 June 1934
400 SA leaders arrested and Rohm killed

Removed SA threat as army were fearful of their size. SS wanted SA gone to increase their own power. This made Army and SS happier.

Question 15

SS

Answer 15

Set up by Hitler and himmler 1925
Personal bodyguards
black uniforms
Run by Himmler
Controlled Germany’s police and security forces
Acted outside law
Had to marry racially pure wives
Ran concentration camps

Question 16

Fuhrer

Answer 16

President Hindenburg dies 87
Army swears oath of allegiance to Hitler
Hitler merges chancellor and president role to remove the threat of article 48

Question 17

SD

Answer 17

security service set up by Himmler 1931
Led by Heydrich
Had uniforms
Spied on Nazi opponents

Question 18

Gestapo

Answer 18

Secret state police
Led by Heydrich
Wore plain clothes
Spied on people
Prosecuted people for speaking out against Nazis
Sent people to concentration camps

Question 19

Concentration camps up to 1939

Answer 19

First was Dachau in 1933
Made up of minority groups and Nazi opposition
Inmates forced to do hard labour and poorly treated
Run by SS

Question 20

Concordat

Answer 20

July 1933
Hitler agreed with the pope that catholics were free to worship and run own schools if they stayed out of politics

Hitler broke promises as catholic organisations were banned and people were poorly treated

Pope spoke out about Hitler in 1937 “with burning anxiety” which criticised Nazis

Question 21

Reich church

Answer 21

Founded 1933
2000 Protestant churches
Supported Nazis
Led by ludwig muller
Members wore Nazi uniforms and called themselves German Christian’s

Question 22

Confessing church

Answer 22

Founded 1934
6000 Protestant churches
Opposed the Nazis
Led by Martin niemoller
Repressed by Nazis

Question 23

Censorship

Answer 23

It’s government control over what people see , hear and read

Methods :
Burning books by Jewish authors or who disagreed with Nazis
Radio producers , playwrights , filmmakers and newspapers were told what to say
Opposing newspapers closed
Only radios that could receive foreign stations were made

Question 24

Pastor Martin Niemoller

Answer 24

Niemoller did not always oppose Nazis as he did vote for them in 1924 and 1933 elections. But he was against Nazi interference in Protestants churches and Jews becoming Christian’s. Spoke out against Nazis by preaching a sermon

Question 25

Church opposition

Answer 25

6000 Protestant pastors joined confessing church and only 2000 remained in German Christian church 800 pastors arrested and sent to CC 400 catholic priests spoke out and were sent to Dachau

Question 26

Edelweiss Pirates

Answer 26

Formed in late 1930s Youth who opposed Nazis Had 2000 members by 1939 Listened to banned music , literature and wrote anti-Nazi graffiti Copied American style clothing Had alpine flower as their symbol Attacked and taunted Hitler youth Made up of working class

Question 27

Swine youth

Answer 27

American clothing Listened to American music Watched American films Drunk alcohol smoked and danced Organised illegal dances which thousands attended Made up of children from wealthy families

Question 28

Nazi election results

Answer 28

1924 - 32 seats 1925/6 - 12 seats 1928 - 107 seats 1932 - 230 seats - 13 million votes 1933 - 288 seats

Question 29

Nazi women and family

Answer 29

Motherhood cross - 8 children for gold Ideal : Traditional clothes Sturdily built No make up Non drinker / smoker Stay at home 1933 marriage law (marriage loans) to Newley married couples if women stopped working Every child had meant 1/4 off marriage loans Number of women employed fell German women’s enterprise had 6 million members (gave women medals for children)

Question 30

Education

Answer 30

15% education on PE Girls taught to be good wife’s Boys taught to be soldiers New subjects : Race studies , Eugenics - sterilisation , selective breeding All subjects were glorified to Germany Schools were separate all teachers were Nazis

Question 31

Standard of living

Answer 31

Unemployment dropped from 4.8 to 0.8 million from 1933-39 but this did not take into account invisible unemployment Average wages rose by 20% compared to 1933 Most men in work Car ownership increased three-fold Many unemployed ‘invisible unemployment’ Workers had few rights up to 49 hours a week Only high workers could afford wants

Question 32

Kristallnacht

Answer 32

9-10 November 1938 Night of the broken glass Jewish shops , homes , businesses and synagogues attacked 100 Jews killed 814 shops destroyed 171 homes destroyed 191 synagogues destroyed

Question 33

Jewish / other minorities persecution

Answer 33

1935 Nuremberg law - Jews not considered German citizens so no legal rights 1934 - sterilisation law - illness meant sterilised (350000) T4 programme - 1939 babies and children u18 terminally ill or disabled killed by starvation or lethal overdose (5000) 1933 Nazi boycott - stop using Jewish shops By 1939 500k gypsies murdered in death camps 1933 - Law of the prevention of hereditary disabled offspring - compulsory sterilisation for 4million 1939 - Law to evict all 250000 left Jews from Germany