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Elizabeth Flashcards

1
Q

Revolt of the northern earls who was involved

A

1569
Catholic uprising by Westmorland and Northumberland
Spain were involved

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2
Q

Revolt of the northern earls why

A

To get MQOS to marry Norfolk so her heirs are in line to the throne
Change religion to Catholicism

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3
Q

What happened at the revolt of the northern earls

A

They held mass in Durham Cathedral (1569)
Earls fled to Scotland
Westmorland escaped to Scotland
Northumberland was captured and executed

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4
Q

Why did the revolt of the northern earls fail

A

People wouldn’t support them
Norfolk was arrested before it began and so army support was not a possibility

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5
Q

What did the pope say about Elizabeth to cause the plots against her

A

Papal ball - Excommunicated her from the church 1570
Pope Pius V

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6
Q

Who was involved in the ridfolfi plot

A

Ridolfi - Italian banker
Spain
MQOS
The pope

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7
Q

What happened in the ridolfi plot

A

1571
Cecil discovered the plot
Ridolfi and the Spanish ambassador were banned from the country
Norfolk was executed

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8
Q

Who was involved in the throckmorton plot

A

Spain + pope sent money
MQOS
France - guise family were going to send a small army
Throckmorton

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9
Q

What happened in the throckmorton plot

A

1583
Throckmorton was arrested and confessed the plot
He was executed
MQOS was moved to a more secure prison at Tutbury castle

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10
Q

Who was involved in the babington plot

A

Babington
MQOS
Spain

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11
Q

What happened in the babington plot

A

1586
The plot was discovered by Walsingham and cecil
They allowed it to develop to prove MQOS guilt
She was executed for high treason

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12
Q

What law did Cecil and walsingham pressure Elizabeth to pass

A

The bond of association (1585)
- anyone involved in a plot would be executed

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13
Q

Who was walsingham

A

Elizabeth’s spy master

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14
Q

Who was Elizabeth’s main advisor

A

Cecil

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15
Q

The treaty of nonsuch

A

1585 - England to provide financial and military support for Dutch rebels
7400 troops
Commanded by Robert Dudley to fight the Duke of Parma

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16
Q

Singeing the king of Spain’s beard

A

1587
Francis Drake raided the Spanish port of Cadiz
30 ships were destroyed

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17
Q

Francis drake

A

Circumnavigation of the world 1577-80
Knighted by Elizabeth on the deck of the golden hind
Singeing the king of spains beard
£400,000 worth of Spanish treasures
Cacafuego 1579
Stole - gold , silver , spice
A Spanish ship with 25,000 pesos of Peruvian gold

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18
Q

Treaty of Joinville

A

1584
Spain could attack England without going to war with France

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19
Q

Why did the Spanish Armada happen

A

The pope wanted to overthrow Elizabeth after he excommunicated her in 1570

The treaty of Joinville 1584

Sir Francis drakes actions in the new world and his raid on Cadiz ( Phillip II lost his pride )

Elizabeth’s support for the Dutch Protestants - Treaty of nonsuch 1585

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20
Q

Spanish Armada timeline

A

29th July 1588 - armada seen in English Channel
31st July - battle of Plymouth ; two Spanish ships captured

3-4th August - battle of isle of white English forces force Spanish back towards Calais

8th August - Battle of gravelines
Fireships cause Spanish to panic and fail to link up with the Duke of parma and his troops

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21
Q

Why did the Spanish Armada fail
(Actions of Spanish)

A

Poor communication
- No communication between Spanish fleet leader Duke of medina Sidonia and Duke of Parma. Neither had an idea where the other was or if they were in trouble. E.g when they had to anchor at gravelines

Lack of supplies - were at sea for 10 weeks and by August all food had rotted. This damaged morale.

Panic - They panicked at gravelines because of fireships. Many cut their anchors and drifted to the North Sea. The broken crescent formation made it easy for the English

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22
Q

Spanish Armada failure
( English actions )

A

Equipment and ships - They had smaller , faster ships that were better armed and cannons be could reloaded faster

Tactics of Howard and Drake - fireships caused the Spanish to panic and broke their formation. They kept the Spanish in the English Channel but far enough from the mainland. Broadside strategy made it harder to sink English fleet and gave them easier shooting opportunities.

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23
Q

Spanish Armada failure
(Weather)

A

They were forced into the North Sea after the battle of gravelines. The wind batted and damaged the Spanish fleet. Only half the original fleet made it back to Spain. 3/4 of the Spanish men had been lost many of which drowned

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24
Q

Education (wealthy)

A

Schools for boys
Nobility - home education
Grammar schools - paid for gentry ( very strict )
72 new grammar schools
Literacy up 20-30%

Girls - Nobility at home
Gentry - dame school
Literacy stayed at 10%

Uni - only boys 1/3 of nobility went

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25
Education poor
Boys - not many went to school learnt from family how to work on farms or at home Girls - didn’t go to school learned to be wife’s at home Uni - very rare but only if they had been able to get a scholarship to a grammar school like Christopher Marlowe
26
Leisure - rich
Hunting on horseback Hawking Fishing Fencing Real tennis
27
Leisure - poor
Football Hunting on foot
28
Leisure for everyone
Swimming and wrestling Bear-baiting Cock-fighting Theatre Music and dancing
29
Theatre
The red lion built 1567 Globe Curtain Female parts were played by men Working class in the pit (1p) entry fee Rich sat in the lords gallery
30
Elizabethan government Privy council
Advice to Elizabeth Run the country Cecil , walsingham , Dudley Noble and gentry
31
Elizabethan government Parliament
Nobles and gentry Pass laws like the act of uniformity and act of supremacy
32
Elizabethan government Justice of the peace (J.Ps)
Gentry Local police + enforcement
33
Elizabethan government Regional councils
All lords Run the regions in England making it easier for Elizabeth
34
Elizabethan society Nobles
Under the monarch Landowners Lived in grand houses Did theatre in seats , fencing , real tennis etc
35
Elizabethan society Gentry
Under the nobles Landowners Lived in houses with windows and chimneys Did similar things to the nobles
36
Elizabethan society Yeoman + merchants
Under the gentry Own land and farmed Lived in a one room house Did similar things to gentry and nobles just not really rich things
37
Elizabethan society Peasants
Under the yeoman and merchant Majority of society were considered peasants Farmers and tenants (rent land) Lived in small cramped houses Did hunting on foot , cock fighting etc
38
Elizabethan society Vagrants
At the rock bottom They were homeless
39
What did the peasants have to deal with
Starvation , shelter , disease , eviction , famine , inflation
40
What was the effect of enclosure
Peasants were evicted due to sheep farming as farmers made more money of sheep which made food prices increase as sheep are farmed on fields.
41
What issues did Elizabeth have when she first came to the throne
£300,000 debt War - France and threat of Spain Gender - succession and marriage + women cannot lead in war Illegitimacy - pope refused to recognise her mothers marriage to Henry VIII
42
Elizabeth’s religious settlement Act of uniformity 1559
Dictated the appearance of church and how religious services were to be held. Everyone had to attend church Churches were plain and more boring Crucifixes were kept
43
Elizabeth’s religious settlement Act of supremacy 1559
Made Elizabeth governor of the church and all clergy and royal officials had to swear an oath to her She appointed 27 new priests
44
Elizabeth’s religious settlement royal injunctions
Set of instructions to the clergy reinforcing the acts of supremacy and uniformity - bible in English - wear vestments (special clothes) - teach royal supremacy - report those refusing to attend church. Absentees were fined a weeks wages
45
Elizabeth’s religious settlement the book of common prayer 1559
A book which the clergy had to follow the prayer book wording or they would be punished
46
Impacts of Elizabeth’s religious settlement
8000/10000 clergy accepted Compromise between religions Ordinary people accepted some catholics were opposing Recusants were fined 14p for each offence
47
What did the puritans want to do
Radical Protestants (very extreme) Millenarians believe world was ending and they had to prepare for Jesus return Remove bishops , priests and vestments Ban sinful acts like gambling , cock fighting Simplify worship remove crucifixes , plain churches , plain clothes
48
Puritan challenge
Puritans opposed the crucifixes in churches and Elizabeth could not do anything 37 puritan priests lost posts as they did not wear required vestments from the 1566 Archbishop of Canterbury Thomas Parker requiring them in his book of advertisements Less impact in northern England
49
How was vagrancy punished
Ear holes Death penalty for 3 offences Looked down upon
50
Vagabonds act
1572 Severe penalties against vagrants Jps and to keep register of poor people in their parish Poor rate (tax to help poor) - provide shelter for elderly and sick
51
Poor relief act
1576 Jps would direct able - bodied poor to find work Any refusing would be sent to house of correction which was like a prison
52
Statute of Artificers
Seven year apprenticeships were compulsory in urban crafts But maximum wage rate were fixed 1563
53
Elizabeth religious settlement vestments
Elizabeth’s held a fashion show where all priests would wear the new vestments 110 were invited 37 refused and were tiered
54
Why did Raleigh try to colonise Virginia
Trade , England to be less dependent on Spain , France and Italy for imported goods , welcoming and friendly natives , money , base to attack Spanish colonies
55
Who went to Virginia
107 colonists Almost all men Led by Grenville Most were soldiers and sailors Few craftsmen, landowners , merchants and farmers
56
Why did Virginia fail (1585) Food
Lack of food - left England too late to plant crops + one of the 5 ships let in sea water This meant they were dependent on the local tribes
57
Why did Virginia fail Leadership
Poor leadership - Grenville was hot headed and did not get along with the governor of the colony Ralph Lane - this meant that those involved had little direction or purpose
58
Why did Virginia fail Skills and experience
Lack of skills and experience - doomed from the start Merchants and landowners did not have the physical capacity for manual work No stone meant that a fort was never built leaving the colony vulnerable Not enough farmers
59
Why did Virginia fail Native Americans
Native American attack - Algonquian chief Wingina led an attack on the colonists and he was supported by other tribes The Americans were angered by the demands for food and the diseases the settlers had brought with them
60
Pacification of Ghent
1576 - Spains army in Netherlands mutinied as they had not been paid which provoked Protestants in the Netherlands to rebel the Spanish forces
61
Elizabeth early issue War with France
Cannot afford it due to debt Lost Calais Cateau Cambresis 1559

History (5 decks)

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