Germany 1890-1945 Key Facts Flashcards
1
Q
When did the Wilhelm become Kaiser and how old was he?
A
In 1888, he was 29 years old
2
Q
When was Germany created as a country?
A
1871
3
Q
Outline three facts about Kaiser wilhelm
A
Strong outgoing personality
Deformed arm
Impatient, rude and short tempered
4
Q
What was weltpolitik?
A
‘World policy’, kaisers plan to turn Germany into global power
5
Q
When were a series of naval laws introduced?
A
1898-1912
6
Q
When did WW1 start?
A
August 1914
7
Q
What protests occurred against WW1 in 1915 and 1916?
A
500 of women gathered in front of the German parliament buildings and said they wanted their men back from the trenches
In 1916, 10,000 workers assembled in Berlin to shout ‘down with war , down with government’
8
Q
When was Germany close to collapse?
A
1918
9
Q
What did General Ludendorff advise the Kaiser to do in 1918?
A
To become more democratic so they get treated more fairly and that’s exactly what the Kaiser did by transferring some power to reichstag.
10
Q
Mutiny and revolution
What happened on 28 October 1918?
A
Sailors on the ships refused to follow orders and new is their mutiny spread. Soldiers went on protests. In just six days workers and soldiers councils were running major cities.
11
Q
What happened to the Kaiser in November? Name the specific date
A
He abdicated 9 November 1918
12
Q
Who took over Germany after the Kaiser left?
A
Freidrich Ebert
13
Q
When did Germany surrender?
A
11 November 1918
14
Q
How was Germany virtually bankrupt after the war?
A
Germany had borrowed money from abroad e.g. America and they had to pay it back
Germany had lent money to their allies and they might never get it back
Left 60,000 widows and 2 million children without their dads
Germanys factories exhausted and could no longer make money
15
Q
How had the war divided German society further?
A
Some factory owners made a fortune during the war and the workers had very little pay
Women worked in factories during war which some thought damaged traditional values
16
Q
How had Germany become politically unstable after the war?
A
Mutiny and revolution
Many ex soldiers felt betrayed by the ‘November criminals’ who had ended the war
17
Q
What did Ernest do when he first took charge?
A
Improved housing
Unemployment
Freedom of speech
Improved working conditions
Ordered a democratic republic so no more kaisers
18
Q
What happened on 6 January 1919?
A
Spartacists tried to take over Berlin.
Thousands roamed streets firing guns and took over important buildings.
Ebert sent the free corps. 2000 tough ex soldiers. After three days of brutal street fighting they recaptured buildings
Rosa Luxembourg and Karl liebkneckt were arrested then tortured then finally murdered
19
Q
What took place in late January 1919? ( the thing Ebert had promised) and what was the outcome?
A
The election
The SPD won and Ernest became new German President
20
Q
Who met up on 11 February 1919 and who?
A
Newly elected politicians and Ebert in a town called Weimar.
Weimar Republic start
21
Q
What was the Weimar constitution and when was it created?
A
Formal set of rules on how Germany would be governed. 1919
22
Q
In 1919, could women vote
A
Only over 20
23
Q
Describe consequences of the Treaty of Versailles
A
Germany had to pay £6.6billion in reparations, paid by 1988
Only 100,000 soldiers 6 battleships No submarines tanks or airforce Must never untie with Austria again No German soldiers in Rhineland
Hand over colonies to winning countries
24
Q
What did the Germans name the treaty of Versailles?
A
‘Diktat’ a dictated peace
25
How much did a loaf of bread cost in December 1921 and in September 1923
Dec 1921- 4 marks
Sep 1923- 1.5 million
Nov 1923- 201 billion marks
26
What did Germany announce in 1922?
They could not afford to pay their next payment. French and Belgians decide to take what was owed by force
27
How many French and Belgian soldiers marched into the Ruhr in January 1923?
60,000
28
What did the French and Belgian troops do in the Ruhr?
Took control of every factory, mine and railways
| Took food and goods from shops and arrested Germans who stood up to them
29
What did the German government order their workers to do in the ruhr?
Go on strike, passive resistance
30
How many were killed in the invasion of the Ruhr and how many thrown out of their homes?
100 dead
15,000 thrown out of homes as a punishment
31
How much were people life's savings worth after hyperinflation?
1000 marks couldn't even buy them a loaf of bread
32
How were people effected by hyperinflation?
Pensioners lost all of their pensions
Small businesses collapsed
People in debt easily paid it off
33
What did the treaty of Versailles state?
```
£6.6 billion in reparations
Only have 100,000 soldiers
6 battleships
No submarines
No tanks
No Air Force
Hand over colonies
Never unite with Austria
No soldiers in Rhineland
```
34
What were the left wing beliefs?
Workers should have power and rule the country as a collection of workers' councils
There should be equality
Change is welcome
Anti right wing
35
What were the right wing beliefs?
Strong leaders should rule over people
Major differences between class people and race
Country should have large empire
Change is not welcome
Anti left wing
36
Describe the events of the Kapp Putsch
One of 1st right wing groups that tried taking over Germany led by Wolfgang Kapp
March 1920, gathered 5000 men and took over Berlin
President Ebert fled from Berlin, however, no workers supported him and everyone went on strike. Meaning no gas water electricity or trains
After 100 hours Kapp gave in and fled abroad and Ebert returned
37
Describe the events of the Red rising in the Ruhr
After Kapp Putsch, left wing workers stayed on strike rose up and took over several towns
Free corps sent to deal with and over 1000 workers killed
38
How many assassinations were there between 1919-1922
350 political murders
E.g.
August 1921 Matthias Erzberger man who signed armistice shot dead by right wing group
39
Give facts about Hitler's early life
1889-1945
Born is small town in Austria-Hungary
Parents both dead by 1907
1914-joined German army
40
Describe Hitler and his politics
First discovered the German Workers Party in May 1919, members met in beer halls. People made speeches on how the TofV made Germany weak
Hitler joined party and tried to attract new members, powerful speeches and persuaded party to buy Munich Observer to put forward views
Before long hitler was running the party
41
What did hitler design for the German Workers' Party soon after being the leader
Swastika which was a new flag and symbol in order to attract attention
Changed name to National Socialist German Workers Party known as the Nazi party for short
42
Give figures to show that the party grew between 1920 and 1921
1920- 3000 members
1921 - 5000 members
Party still minor
43
Who were the Stormtroopers (SA)
```
Formed in 1920
Protection for Nazi Party
Disrupt other parties meetings
Mainly from Free corps
After Wall Street crash people had no jobs no money, Nazi's used this to their advantage and offered uniform, job and food
```
Collapsed after Munich Putsch but re organised in 1926
44
Describe the events of the Munich Putsch
8 November 1923
Hitler interrupted netting in beer hall where Gustav von Kahr hard of Bavarian government
Hitler fired bullet into ceiling and announced he was taking over Bavaria and then march into Berlin and take over
Locked Kahr in small room, the Ludendorff walked in and said he supported Hitler
Around Munich Hitler storm troopers took control of government buildings and arrested officially
45
What happened the day after the Munich Putsch?
Kahr promised to help him but contacted the police.
Hitler's 2000 supporters were met by armed police
3 policemen and 16 nazis killed
46
Describe the trial and imprisonment of Hitler after the Munich Putsch
Lasted 24 days
It was a media sensation and took opportunity to criticise the government and impressed nation and judges
Ludendorff set free and Hitler sent to prison for 5 years while other nazis let off with light sentences
Hitler could have been executed for such a serious crime but it was let off
47
What did hitler write whilst in prison?
Mein kampf meaning my struggle
| Released from prison in 1924 after serving 9 months
48
What was the impact of the Munich Putsch on hitler?
Taught hitler valuable lesson
Realised he had to change his strategy
Nazis would have to stand in election and win votes
He would have to win power democratically
49
Who was Stresemann?
Member of parliament since 1907
| Germanys foreign minister from 1924 until his death in 1929
50
How did stresemannn solve the hyperinflation crisis?
Stopped printing of old paper money and replaced it with the temporary Retenmark.
In 1924, the rentenmark was replaced by the reichsmark, a stable currency which lasted for the next 25 years
51
How did Stresemann solve the invasion of the Ruhr?
Met with American Vice President Charles Dawes and came up with the Dawes Plan. Germany began to pay the money they owed and new repayment schedule was agreed
52
How did Stresemann improve Germany's image abroad?
In 1925 he signed the Locarno Pact . Promised never to invade eachother
In 1926, Germany joined the League of Nations
In 1928, signed the Kellogg-Briand Pact where participating countries agreed never to go to war.
53
How did Stresemann improve German industry?
Built new factories house schools and roads. Which meant more jobs
Ford and Gillette built factories in Germany
54
When did Stresemann die?
1929 of a stroke
55
Did Germany fully recover under Stesemann?
No attempts to overthrow between 1924-1929
Still many political parties and hounding to coke to power
Extreme ideas political parties
Still large groups in trouble e.g. Farmers incomes were really low
Much of prosperity relied on American loans
56
Name aspects that contributed to the Golden Age?
```
Cinema
Nightlife
Literature
Art
Design
```
57
Cinema in the golden age
Very popular
| Metropolis directed by Fritz Lang was most technically advanced film of decade
58
Nightlife in Weimar Culture
Germany became a centre for new plays
The threepenny opera was a box office smash
Berlin famous for its nightclubs that played American jazz music
59
Literature in Weimar Germany
Writing became big business
120 newspapers and magazines
'All quiet on the western front' which was an anti east novel sold half a million copies in just three months
60
Art in the golden age
Art flourished
| Avant garden artists such as 'Otto Dix' believed that art should show the reality of everyday life
61
Design in Weimar Germany
New group of designers Leon as the Bauhaus
Designed modern simple practical things
62
What were the reactions to the cultural changes?
While some loved them others hated them
Some wanted traditional
Berlin was viewed as corrupt and sex-obsessed
The Nazi's openly criticised the period when they came to power in 1933. Many Weimar artists and performers had to flee the country
63
What caused the depression in Germany?
In October 1929 the Wall Street crash occurred , Americans trading collapsed . Shares were sold quickly and share prices dropped and people couldn't sell them for what they paid
Firms went out of business and millions lost their jobs
64
What was the impact of the Wall Street Crash on Germany?
American couldn't afford to buy goods from Germany so factories had to shit down
Cars electrical goods and clothing weren't selling fast
American banks demanded all the money they had lent Germany
They couldn't pay so people became jobless, hungry and full of resentment
65
Why did support for the extreme parties grow during the Wall Street crash?
Unemployment and hunger became widespread
Millions blamed Weimar Republic for their problems
People were prepared to listen to extreme parties whose leaders promised radical solutions to Germany's problems
66
How many seats did the Nazis have in the reichstag in May 1928 compared to July 1932?
May 1928- 12
| July 1932- 230
67
How did the depression encourage the growth of the Nazi Party?
People began to listen to hitler
Nazis continued to repeat their core beliefs
Germans became desperate
68
How did the Germans blaming the Weimar Republic help the Nazis?
Weimar politicians argued constantly
Article 48 in use
Unstable so they wanted stable leader
69
How did the appeal of hitler benefit the Nazi Party?
Charismatic personality
Believed what he was saying
Inspiring speaker- strongest assets
Filled audiences with hope
70
How did the fear of Communism help the growth of the Nazis?
In 1917, there had been a Russian communist revolution and communism took over businesses and farms, people were scared this would happen to Germany
Middle and upper class didn't want to share there hard earned wages
71
How did the Nazi parties structure methods and tactic allow the party to grow?
Nazi Party offices set up all over Germany to recruit followers
100,00 people in SA in 1931 growing to 400,000 in 1932
Propaganda though media like radio and cinema, made Joseph Goebbels the chief of Nazi propaganda in 1928
Took part in fabulous parades and rallies where he made passionate speeches
Hitler youth set up to appeal to younger followers, organised camping trips and they could learn how to fire guns, were stole and build campfires
Nazis looked organised and disciplined. In 1932, hitler used an aeroplane to take him to 20 cities in 7 days to make election speeches
72
Why did farmers vote for the Nazis?
Hit hard by depression people weren't buying much food
Weimar Republic did not help them
Nazis promised higher prices for crops a better quality of life and higher status
Nazis hate communism
73
Why did the Nazis appeal to women voters?
Family life, good morals and self discipline are important
74
Why did middle class people vote for the Nazis?
Fear of communism because they would take over their way of life
Nazis show order and discipline
SA not afraid to fight off Communists
75
Why did the Nazis appeal to upper classes?
Promised wealthy classes a more powerful nation
Promised that they can run factories how they want and plans to use them to make weapons which brings them lots of money
Nazis will also fight communism
76
How did the 1930 election help hitler become chancellor?
Hitler who was hoping to get 50 seats, gained far more
The nazi party was now the second largest party, the Nazi worked hard to get their messages across. They put up millions of posters and flags and hitler gave mass rallies
Hitler's popularity started to rise rapidly
77
How did the SA help hitler become chancellor?
They beat up communists and disrupted meetings making it hard for them to campaign freely
78
What happened after the 1932 election?
The nazis were the largest political party
Hitler demanded chancellor job but Hindenburg refused and gave the job to Von Papen, who called another election in Nov 1932. He then resigned when his Centre Party got fewer seats
Hindenburg then gave the job to Kurt Von Schleicher
He also had no support and then resigned
Hindenburg had no choice but to appoint hitler chancellor on 30th January 1933
79
What did Hindenburg do to try and control Hitler after his appointment of Chancellor?
Von Papen as vice Chancellor and restricting the number of fellow Nazis that hitler was allowed in the cabinet to two
Hindenburg and his closest advisors bought they could control him but they were wrong
80
How did hitler begin to eliminate opposition?
Feb 1933- arranged mew election for march
Greater influence on press and radio
Controlled police who he could use to intimidate voters and beat up their opponents
27 Feb 1933- reichstag burned down. Marines Van set Lubbe was arrested and blamed. Hitler said it was a communist plot to take over country. He said he knew how to deal with it
28 Feb 1933- hitler asked Hindenburg to pass a special emergency 'protection law' giving hitler the power to deal with Germany's problems
March 1933- 'Protection for the people and state' banning leading communists from taking part in the election campaign 4,000 communists in prison. Hitler got most votes than ever before
23 march 1933- hitler forced reichstag to pass 'Enabling Law' which gave him the power to make whatever laws he wanted. Give him power for 4 years
7 April 1933- the gestapo formed
First concentration camp
2 May 1933- hitler banned all trade unions, taken away a Workers way of complaining about pay and conditions
14 July 1933- hitler banned all political parties except the Nazis
2 August 1933- hitler gave himself the title 'Der Führer'
81
Describe the events leading up to the night of the long knives
Hitler felt threatened by the army and SA. Many of the SA violent thugs who were unemployed and could be dangerous for hitler
Rohm also wanted to join the SA with the army which alarmed hitler
Hitler decided to act ruthlessly with the problem of Rohm and the SA. This led to him arranging a meeting with SA leader on 30 June 1934
82
What was the night of the long knives?
Wiping out of the SA's leadership and others that angered hitler
30 June 1934
83
What were the impacts of the night of the long knives?
Every opposition to hitler were dead even the leading Nazis that did not agree with him
SS led by Heinrich Himmler emerged as the group now responsible for Hitler's security
Hitler hd now established murder as part of what the Nazi government did
84
How did the death of President Hindenburg allow hitler to become Führer?
A new president want appointed, the powers were passed to the chancellor which was hitler.
Hitler now a Führer the army swore an oath of loyalty to him
19th August 1934 Hitler held a plebiscite and got 90% approval so he could claim he was Führer
85
How did the Nazis fulfil their promise of 'work and bread'?
Set up a number of schemes, programmes and organisations that aimed to get Germans back to work
86
What was the National Labour service?
All men aged 18-25 had to spend 6 months in RAD. They planted forests Mende hedges and dug drainage ditches on farms. Had t wear uniforms and live in camps, given free meals and paid pocket money. Unemployment figures dropped rapidly
87
What were public work schemes?
They employed people through schemes such as in June 1933 the Nazis ordered the creation of a network of autobahn to link Germany's major towns and cities. Gave jobs to 100,000 people and 3800km of highway had been built
Schools and hospitals also built
88
What is rearmament?
When's. Country rebuilds its armed forces.
89
Why were jobs created through rearmament?
Hitler was determined to become a great military power so ordered the building of tanks battleships fighter planes and guns. Thousands of jobs were created
90
What was conscription?
From 1935, all males aged between 18-25 were forced to join armed forces for 2 years. Within five years the army grew from 100,000 to 1,400,000 giving people even more jobs
91
What was 'invisible' unemployment?
Used a variety of methods to reduce unemployment figures e.g.
Women who gave up work to look after family weren't included
Germans didn't include Jews in statistics
92
Describe the economy under Schacht?
In 1933 he appointed Hjalmar Schacht as minister of economics. Realised more weapons would cost a lot of money so had to bring raw materials from other countries. He signed deals to trade german produce for raw materials. Hitler became impatient and sacked him and he replaced him with Hermann Goering
93
What did Hermann Goering introduce in 1936?
The four year plan
94
What was the aim of the four year plan?
'Speed up rearmament and make Germany ready for war'
95
What was the four year plan?
Increase production of raw materials
Persuade big businesses to produce key synthetic raw materials
Reduce imports
Used forced labour if needed
Prevent inflation
Build new industrial plants e.g. The Hermann Goering works
96
How did the Nazis help the farmers?
Hitler rewarded farmers
Cut taxes for them
Guaranteed they would not be thrown off their land if they got into debt
Farmers income increase by 40%
But also some Nazi policies annoyed farmers
Stopped farmers dividing up their land and giving parts to children
97
Name the two schemes that the German Labour Front (DAF) ran
Beauty of Labour
Strength through Joy
98
What was Beauty of Labour?
A scheme that's tried to improve the working conditions by providing better lighting and safety equipment new wash rooms and canteens
99
What was Strength through Joy?
A scheme that organised leisure activities to encourage hard work. Also a reward scheme that gave discounted holidays and theatre tickets
People could also save for a car. Hitler himself helped design a 'People's car', a Volkswagen that ordinary people could afford
100
Were people better off under the Nazis in term of work?
Unemployment fell
Some people were forced to work on public works
Prices went down but so did wages
Real earnings were higher in 1938
101
What were Hitler's main 3 aims?
Strong Germany
Racially pure
The Volk
102
What was the Volk?
One set of beliefs, that are more important than your family and religion
103
How would an ideal Nazi women help Nazi aids?
```
Blonde hair- racially pure
No makeup
Broad hips- produce babies
Full skirts - covering modesty and traditional clothing
Flat shoes - doesn't appeal to men
```
104
What is Kinder Kurche Kueche ?
The belief that women should stay at home make children go to church and work in the kitchen
CHILDREN CHURCH KITCHEN
105
What did the birth rate increase by from 1933- 1939
1933: 970,000 babies born
1939: 1,413,000
106
What was the Lebensborn programme?
SS officer got an unmarried woman pregnant and then the baby was donated to the Führer
107
What was the motherhood medal?
Every year on the 12th August( Hitler's mothers birthday) an award was awarded to women who had the most children
108
What did mothers with 8 children receive?
The gold cross
109
What did hitler hope to use the education system for?
To brainwash young Germans into loving him and the Nazi Party
INDOCTRINATED
110
What did hitler do to every subject in school to brainwash the children?
Put forward Nazi propaganda and beliefs
111
What subject was introduced in 1930s to schools in Germany?
Race study
EUGENICS
Here they were taught about how to improve their race and about the belief in the inferiority of black people and Jews
112
Where were pupils sent if they were identified as being future Nazi leaders?
Academies known as 'Napolas' (National Political Educational Institutions)
113
How many university lecturers were replaced between 1933 and 1934?
15%
114
When was the Hitler Youth Organisation set up?
1922
115
What did hitler do to other youth groups when he came to power?
Ban them
116
When was membership of the Hitler Youth become compulsory?
1939
117
What did boys learn to do at Hitler Youth?
March
Fight with knives
Fire a gun
Keep themselves fit
118
What dis the girls learn at Hitler Youth?
Marching
Learn how to keep fit
Cook
Looking after babies
119
What were the membership figures of Hitler Youth in 1933 and 1939 compared to the population of 10-18year olds?
1933: membership - 2,292,041
Population - 7,529,000
1939 : membership- 7,287,470
Population - 8,870,000
120
How did the swing Youth act and what did they believe?
Refused to join hitler youth
Listened to American jazz
Had Jewish friend
121
Who were the Edelweiss Pirates?
A gang that rebelled against hitler
Went camping making fun of Hitler
Physically attacked Hitler Youth groups
122
How many of the Germans were catholic?
20 million
Around 1/3
123
How many Germans were Protestants?
40 million
| 2/3
124
Why did some Christians support the Nazis?
Nazis said they believed in the importance of marriage and moral values
Christians feared communism because it was anti religious and hitler process to destroy it
Hitler promised to respect the Catholic Church
125
What did Hitler sign in 1933 , that was an agreement with the pope that he would not interfere with each other?
The concordat
126
Did Hitler break the concordat?
Yes
He felt that German Catholics listened to pope more than him, so he harassed and arrested catholic priests and closed down catholic youth groups and schools
127
Who were the Reich Church?
The 'German Christians'
Set up in 1933 to unite all Protestant churches
Nazis approved
Ludwig Müller
128
What did the Reich Church believe in?
Hitler was leader of earth
Accepted Nazi takeover
Prayers thanked God for sending Hitler
129
Who was the Confessing Church?
Set up in September 1933
| Leading members included Wiemoller, Bonhoeffer and Von Soden
130
What did the Confessing Church believe in?
Refused Nazi take over
Declared Nazis as anti Christian and blasphemous
Distributed anti Nazi literature
Helped migrate 1700 Jews
800 priests arrested and sent to concentration camps
131
What was the Faith movement?
Set up by Nazis by Jakob WilhelmHauer
Nazi religion
Celebrate good parts of Christianity e.g. Christmas
Rejection of Christian ethics
132
What did the Faith Movement believe in?
Don't believe in god but celebrate best traditions
Worship elements
Worship hitler as number one
Doesn't catch on less than 1% population
133
When were Christmas plays banned from schools?
1937
134
When were priests banned from teaching RE in schools?
1938
135
What were the Religion figures from the census of 1939?
```
Catholic: 19,440,000
Protestant: 42,636,000
Jewish: 308,000
Neo Pagan: 2,746,000
Without belief: 1,208,000
```
136
Who did Hitler believe that the Germans were better than?
He felt that Germans were the master race, and have the right to dominate inferior races such as Jews, Gypsies, Slavs, black and Indian people
Used the word Aryan to describe 'master race'
137
What would an aryan be like?
```
Strong
Tall
Blond
Blue eyed
White
```
'The strong must dominate and not blend with the weak'
138
How many people died in death camps leading up to 1945
Half a million gypsies and six million Jews
139
Who were sent to death camps?
```
Half a million tramps in 1933
Thousands of prostitutes and homosexuals
Strong religious beliefs
350,000 disabled
Jews
Gypsies
```
140
When were all Jewish people banned from sports clubs?
April 1933
141
When was it made illegal for Jews to hold electrical items?
January 1936
142
When was kristallnacht and what was it?
```
9th November 1938
100 synagogues burned
20,000 sent to concentration camps
Synagogues burnt
300 murdered
10,000 Jewish shops had windows broken
```
Massive turning point for Jews, realisation that they must flee. 1/3 flee
143
What is Anti-Semitism?
Discrimination of Jews
144
What were ghettos?
Where Jews were rounded up and forced to work. Forced to move into areas and segregated from public
145
What was the Wansee Conference in 1942?
Where Nazi leaders met to discuss the Final solution
146
What was the final solution?
The plan to execute Jews in reach in Europe and Germany by working them to death or gas chambers
147
When was the Warsaw Ghetto uprising and what was it?
1943
Lasted 43 days
750 young Germans
This ghetto housed 445,000 in an area that would normally occupy 160,000
148
When was the ghetto uprising in treblinka and what happened?
1943
150 escaped
15 guards killed
550 other prisoners killed for revenge
149
Why was the police state efficient and effective?
Clear Chain of commands
Structures shows clear observation
Evenly spread to get maximum coverage
60% of the work came from public reports
150
Who was Himmler?
He controlled all police forces
And head of SS
personally reported to Hitler loyal Nazi who had known hitler since 1923
151
What's and who were the SS?
Set up in 1925
Blackshirted were originally personal bodyguards for hitler
Became most feared group in country
Split into three: the SD who looked after security
Waffen SS- elite unit in the army
Death' heads units- ran concentration camps
152
Who were the Gestapo?
Secret police that spied on people they thought may be threats
Had power to arrest and imprison without trial
Encouraged children to report parents and teachers
No uniforms
153
Who was Joseph Goebbels?
Employed as head of propaganda by hitler
154
What did propaganda generally show?
Blaming Jews for problems (scapegoat)
Criticising treaty of Versailles
Art of persuading people that your story of events is correct
155
How were Newspapers changed?
Only showed stories that showed the Nazis doing good things,
Negative stories about Jews
Unapproved newspapers that were printed were closed down
156
How did the Nazi's control radio?
They controlled all radio stations
Put across Nazi ideas
Cheap radios were produced
157
What was the chamber of culture?
Led by Joseph Goebbels
All musicians, writer and artists and actors had to be part of organisation, if they refused they would not be allowed to work
