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germany Flashcards

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1
Q

What is history according to Karl Marx?

A

History is class struggle.

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2
Q

Problems Marx Identifies are?

A
  1. converted ocupations into wage-laborers
  2. turned family values into money relation
  3. lost the charm of the workman and individual character.
  4. bigger wage gap.
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3
Q

What solutions does marx offer to problems?

A

Communism!!!! abolition of private property and econimoc equality!

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4
Q

What does Marx think of nationalism?

A

Not a fan cause its against communism “working men of all countries unite”

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5
Q

What is a commodity?

A

A thing which through its qualities satisfies human needs of whatever kind.

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6
Q

What is the use value of a commodity?

A

The usefulness of a thing. (quality and quantity, labor)

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7
Q

What is exchange value of a commodity?

A

The relation in which use-values of one thing exchange for use-value of another.

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8
Q

How can a thing have use value but not be a commodity?

A

When a thing is made and used by the same person. (in order to be a commodity it must be produced for others (social use-value))

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9
Q

SPD

A

Democratic Socialist Party, prosecuted but 1890 onward recived most votes. 1869!

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10
Q

Center Party (1870)

A

Catholic party

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11
Q

progressive liberal party

A

split from national liberal party, wanted constitutional reform and was against church.

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12
Q

National Liberal Party

A

favored anti-clerical measures and free trade.

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13
Q

Free conservative party

A

party of big buisness and close to Bismark

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14
Q

conservatives

A

you know

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15
Q

How were the power of the reichstag limited?

A
  1. no say in appointment/dismissal of chancellor
  2. kaiser (bismark) could dissolve it at anytime with agreement from bundesrat.
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16
Q

Kulturkampf

A

Struggle between prussian state and church.1871

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17
Q

papal infalubility

A

pronouncments on morals and faith could not be challeneged basically pope is always right….

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18
Q

What historian said about Bismark and ceter party?

A

A.J.P. Taylor “strangle the centre in the cradle” (1958)

19
Q

May Laws

A

1973,
1. state responsible for preist education
2. religous appointment approved by state
3. 1874 preist lost endorsments (land, assets)
4.civil marriage made compulsory
5. priests forbidden from preaching politics

20
Q

why did kulturkampf end?

A

Pope pius ix died and issues of socialism become more important. 1887

21
Q

when did may laws end?

A

1879

22
Q

what period was economic growth and why?

A

directly after german unification and crash of 1873, germany led the way in science and tech.
like, combustian engine, electric train, telephone, four wheel cars.

23
Q

what led to socialism?

A

1880s, lost of people came to city from country side so large working class.

24
Q

anti- socialism 1880

A

no right to assembly and publication, went underground and

25
Q

social wllness reform

A

Bismark tried a new aproach to beating socialism, introduced:
1.time off for sickness
2.accident insurrance
3.old age pension

26
Q

why does marx thing history is pointing twards socialism?

A

each stage of revolution results in less classes in society—- last stage is classless ie communism.

27
Q

what is marx definition of communism?

A

no private property
economi equaity
-hes not willing to be specific and is not an expert on communism just capitalism and its faults

28
Q

Marx famous line about church?

A

“church is the opiate of the masses”

29
Q

BIsmarks key aims in foreign policy

A

Ensure france did not form alliances against germany for revenge
avoid being drawn into quarrels with austria and russia

30
Q

eastern question

A

1875-78
religous uprising in ottoman empire, russia wanted to help but ustria saw it as a threat, Bismark offered Berlin as conference.

31
Q

Congress of Berlin

A

1878
direct result of “eastern question”, results: Russia gets nothing and is angry

32
Q

The austrian Alliance

A

1879
between germany and austria, unequal- germany would figth if austria got into war, vice versa austria would remain nuetral

33
Q

triple alliance

A

1884
Germany Austria Italy against france.

34
Q

The medditeranean agreements

A

1887
imporatnt (with BRITAIN) keep russia out of medditeranean

35
Q

Colonial Policy

A

mid 1880s
Werner Richter says colonial drive was intended as a distraction from germanys internal problems
resluts: Did not increase popularity at home, More french hostality as politicians who liked germany were reallected, Britain govenment Bismark wnated to weaken fell away.

36
Q

Problems new germany had to address

A

1871
rise of workiing class
catholic party
new constitution
economic change

37
Q

New economic and buisness after unification

A

new currancy, german national state

worried about power not democracy

38
Q

Reichtag structure after unification

A

universal male suffrage

no control over military budget

39
Q

Military after unification

A

military values still htere but againt could only voite every 7 years and really had no power

40
Q

Bundesrat structure after unification semi circle

A

could speak freely and was supposed to be/set up to be liberal

Prussia still had lots of people in parlimat and wer still “in charge”

41
Q

Press supression after unification

A

1874
imprissonment if wrote about sensitive info- massive suppression.

42
Q

“Valued Power over Democracy”

A

hans Ulrich Whehler ie Bismark did not respect liberal values

43
Q

“was willing to work but didnot agree”

A

Lothar Gall ie bismark was open to new ideas wasnt all dismissive but… “not forunner of hitler but man of the 19th century.”

44
Q

“veild form of monarchy absolution.”

A

Geoffrey Barraclough, Prussian was incharcge cause they had many members in parliment (nothing anti-prussian could pass)

History (4 decks)

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