german verbs Flashcards
What is an auxiliary verb?
Auxiliary (“helping”) verbs are used with other verbs to form compound tenses.
e.g.
- sein - to be
- haben - to have
- werden - will/would
What is a modal verb?
Modal verbs are used with other verbs to indicate their modality, which means the desire, ability, permission or obligation to do them.
e.g.
- dürfen - may
- können - can
- mögen - to like (to)
- müssen - must
- sollen - should
- wollen - to want to
What is a weak verb?
Weak verbs form the past tense with a hard consonant added to the present stem to form the past (preterite) stem.
ich lerne - ich lernte
e.g
- kaufen - to buy
- machen - to make
- träumen - to dream
- nutzen - to use
- danken - to thank
- sagen - to say, tell
What is a strong verb?
Strong verbs form the past (preterite) tense with a vowel shift, like (schwimmen / schwammen in German).
e.g.
- tun - to do
- kommen - to come
- gehen - to go
- stehen - to stand
What is a mixed verb?
Mixed verbs get their name because they form the past tense with both a vowel shift and a hard consonant sound at the end.
Bring is a mixed verb (wir bringen/wir brachten).
e.g.
- brennen - to burn
- bringen - to bring
- denken - to think
- kennen - to know
What is a tense?
A verb’s tense has to do with the time of the action. e.g.
- present
- past
- future
What is a mood?
A verb’s mood has to do with the reality of the action. e.g.
- indicative
- conditional
- imperative
Explain the indicative mood
The Indikativ/Indicative mood is the most common, used for describing reality: things that have actually happened, are happening or are expected to happen.
Explain the conditional mood
The conditional mood (Konjunktiv II) expresses hypothetical and/or conditional actions.
Explain the imperative mood
The Imperativ/Imperative mood is used for command. It only exists in the present tense and the second person.
Explain the Präsens tense
The Präsens corresponds to the simple present tense in English (“I take the bus”) as well as the “emphatic” (“I do take the bus”). It can also be used to refer to future events, in which case it’s called the Futuristisches Präsens (“futuristic present”).
Explain the Präteritum tense
The Präteritum corresponds to the English preterite (simple past).
Explain the Perfekt tense
The Perfekt corresponds to the English perfect. The Perfekt is formed by conjugating the verb haben (or sometimes sein) in the present tense and adding the participle of the main verb, just the way we do with the verb “to have” in English.
Explain the Plusquamperfekt tense
The Plusquamperfekt is directly related to the past perfect (also called the pluperfect) in English. It’s used for an action that was already completed at some point in the past. It’s formed the same way as the Perfekt, except that it uses the past (Präteritum) form of haben or sein instead of the present form.
Explain the Futur I tense
The Futur I tense is similar to our future tense; it uses werden the same way we use “will” in English: “I will read it” –> Ich werde es lesen.
Explain the Futur II tense
The Futur II is similar to the English future perfect, with will + have in English and werden + haben/sein in German: “I will have read it” –> Ich werde es gelesen haben.
Explain the passive voice
The noun or noun phrase that would be the object of an active sentence (such as Our troops defeated the enemy) appears as the subject of a sentence with passive voice (e.g. The enemy was defeated by our troops).
Conjugate weak verb kaufen in the Präsens tense
Remove the en from the infinitive to form the present stem.
Then add the endings:- e/st/t/en/t/en:-
- ich kaufe
- du kaufst
- er kauft
- wir kaufen
- ihr kauft
- sie; Sie kaufen
Conjugate weak verb reden in the Präsens tense
Remove the en from the infinitive to form the present stem.
Then add the endings:- e/st/t/en/t/en.
If the result is hard to pronounce because the verb has certain consonants at the end of the stem, an e is added in between the stem and the ending.
- ich rede
- du redest
- er redet
- wir reden
- ihr redet
- sie; Sie reden
Conjugate strong verb fallen in the Präsens tense
Some strong verbs have a (different) vowel shift in the present tense, but only in the 2nd and 3rd person singular.
- ich falle
- du fällst
- er fällt
- wir fallen
- ihr fallt
- sie; Sie fallen
Conjugate mixed verb bringen in the Präsens tense
Mixed verbs do not have the strong vowel shift in the present tense, except for wissen (which becomes weiß).
- ich bringe
- du bringst
- er bringt
- wir bringen
- ihr bringt
- sie; Sie bringen
Conjugate auxiliary verb sein in Präsens tense
- ich bin
- du bist
- er ist
- wir sind
- ihr seid
- sie; Sie sind
Conjugate auxiliary verb haben in Präsens tense
- ich habe
- du hast
- er hat
- wir haben
- ihr habt
- sie; Sie haben
Conjugate auxiliary verb werden in Präsens tense
- ich werde
- du wirst
- er wird
- wir werden
- ihr werdet
- sie; Sie werden
Conjugate modal verb dürfen in Präsens tense
- ich darf
- du darfst
- er darf
- wir dürfen
- ihr dürft
- sie; Sie dürfen
Conjugate modal verb können in Präsens tense
- ich kann
- du kannst
- er kann
- wir können
- ihr könnt
- sie; Sie können
Conjugate modal verb mögen in Präsens tense
- ich mag
- du magst
- er mag
- wir mögen
- ihr mögt
- sie; Sie mögen