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basic german grammer > german verbs 2 > Flashcards

german verbs 2 Flashcards

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German Verbs flashcards
1
Q

What is the Konjunktiv mood I?

A

It’s used for reported speech (without quotation marks) in a relatively formal setting. e.g. According to a witness, the stripper-gram left in a green van

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2
Q

What is the Konjunktiv mood II?

A

It’s used to express wishes, desires, speculation, conditionality, and other “unreal” conditions, and it usually translates in English with words like were, would, or could:

If I were rich, I would buy it.
Wenn ich reich wäre, würde ich es kaufen.

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3
Q

Generally only certain verbs are use in the Konjunktiv II, which ones?

A

The modal and auxilliary verbs.
These are then used with the infinitives and past participles of other verbs.

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4
Q

How are the modal and auxiliary verbs conjugated in the Konjunktiv II?

A

Take the simple past stem with an added umlaut and use the following endings:-

-e, -est, -e, -en, -et, -en

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5
Q

Conjugate sein in the Konjunktiv II.

A

Sein … war .. wär

  • ich wäre
  • du wärest
  • er wäre
  • wir wären
  • ihr wäret
  • sie wären
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6
Q

Conjugate haben in the Konjunktiv II.

A

Haben … hatt … hätt

  • ich hätte
  • du hättest
  • er hätte
  • wir hätten
  • ihr hättet
  • sie hätten
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7
Q

Conjugate werden in the Konjunktiv II.

A

Werden … wurde … würd

  • ich würde
  • du würdest
  • er würde
  • wir würden
  • ihr würdet
  • sie würden
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8
Q

Conjugate können in the Konjunktiv II.

A

Konnen … könnt … könnt

  • ich könnte
  • du könntest
  • er könnte
  • wir könnten
  • ihr könnten
  • sie könnten
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9
Q

Conjugate sollen in the Konjunktiv II.

A

Sollen … sollt … sollt (no umlaut)

  • ich sollte
  • du solltest
  • er sollte
  • wir sollten
  • ihr solltet
  • sie sollten
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10
Q

Translate “would you help me with this”

A

Würdest du mir damit helfen?

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11
Q

What is the imperative mood used for?

A

The imperative mood is used for commands and instructions. It can only occur in the second person. i.e du, ihr and Sie.

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12
Q

How is the du form of the imperative constructed?

A

The du form is just the present tense du form without the st ending.

e.g. geben (to give) –> du gibst –> Gib mir das!

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13
Q

How is the ihr form of the imperative constructed?

A

The ihr form is identical to the present tense

geben (to give) –> ihr gebt –> Gebt mir das!

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14
Q

How is the Sie form of the imperative constructed?

A

The Sie form is also the same as the present tense, but the Sie is included after the verb.
e.g.
Nehmen Sie bitte eine Broschüre.
Please take a brochure.

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15
Q

What are the imperative forms for the verb sein?

A
  • Sei
  • Seid
  • Seien Sie
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16
Q

How is the passive voice formed in German?

A

The passive in German always involves at least one form of the verb werden, and sometimes also a form of sein.

17
Q

Translate “The apple is washed” (Präsens)

A

Der Apfel wird gewaschen

18
Q

Translate “The apple was washed” (Präteritum)

A

Der Apfel wurde gewaschen

19
Q

Translate “The apple has been washed” (Perfekt)

A

Der Apfel ist gewaschen worden

20
Q

Translate “The apple has been washed” (Plusquamperfekt)

A

Der Apfel war gewaschen worden

21
Q

Translate “The apple will be washed” (Futur I)

A

Der Apfel wird gewaschen werden

22
Q

Translate “The apple will have been washed” (Futur II)

A

Der Apfel wird gewaschen worden sein

23
Q

Translate “The apple would be washed” (Konjunktiv II)

A

Der Apfel würde gewaschen werden

24
Q

Translate “The apple would have been washed” (Konjunktiv perfekt)

A

Der Apfel wäre gewaschen worden

25
Q

What are the 2 types of prefix verbs.

A

Verb prefixes in German can be separable or inseparable.
A separable prefix moves to the end of a sentence when the verb is conjugated.

For example, the verb bringen (to bring) can add the separable prefix mit (with) to become the verb mitbringen (to bring along, bring with).

Ich bringe morgen meinen Freund mit.
I’ll bring my friend along tomorrow.

26
Q

What is a reflexive verb?

A

A reflexive verb is one that refers back to the subject using a reflexive pronoun.

e.g. Ich wasche mir die Haare.

27
Q

Conjugate sich waschen

A
  • ich wasche mich
  • du wäschst dich
  • er wäscht sich
  • wir waschen uns
  • ihr wascht euch
  • sie; Sie waschen sich
28
Q

What is a dative verb?

A

There are certain verbs in German that always put their object in the dative, even when there’s no preposition and it seems to be a direct object.
e.g.

antworten – to answer
Ich antworte dir [not dich] Morgen.
I’ll answer you tomorrow

29
Q

What are present participles used for in German?

A

The present participle is a way of using a verb as an adjective, and in German it’s only used right before a noun.
e.g.
Auf der A1 ist fließender Verkehr.
[Smoothly] flowing traffic on the A1.

30
Q

How are present participles formed in German?

A

By adding a ‘d’ to the infinitive and then the normal case endings.

e.g. fließen … fließend … fließender

31
Q

What is a gerund?

A

A gerund is a verb used as a noun, as in “The Taming of the Shrew”.

The gerund in German is just the infinitive, capitalized.

All gerunds are neuter, and when there’s a plural, it has no added ending or umlaut.

e.g.
Rauchen tötet
Smoking kills

32
Q

Translate No parking [literally “parking forbidden”]

A

Parken verboten

basic german grammer (5 decks)

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