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German history > German society 1871-1991 > Flashcards

German society 1871-1991 Flashcards

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1
Q

By 1914, the German population had grown by what percentage since 1871?

A

60%

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2
Q

What percentage of Germans lived at or below the poverty line by the early 1900s?

A

30%

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3
Q

What percentage of the German population was classed as urban in 1871?

A

36%

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4
Q

What percentage of the German population were classed as urban in 1910?

A

60%

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5
Q

Women in the early 1900 (4)

A

Peasant women tended to work in the fields alongside their husbands

Women had no vote

The SPD campaigned for the right of women to vote

When a woman married, her property then belonged to her husband

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6
Q

True or false, in 1894, the Bund Deutscher Frauenvereine organisation was founded to campaign for women’s rights.

A

True

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7
Q

How large was the German army by 1914?

A

4 million - eight times what it had been in 1890

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8
Q

What did the Zabern Affair (1913) show?

A

Showed that the army could override civilian authroity

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9
Q

True or false, in 1893, Chancellor Caprivi agreed to the Reichstag discussing the army budget every five years rather than every seven years

A

True

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10
Q

How much did real wages for working Germans increase between 1895 and 1913?

A

Increased 25%

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11
Q

What were parts of Bismarck’s State Socialism programme in the 1880s?

A

Medical Insurance
Accident Insurance
Old Age Pensions

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12
Q

How did Caprivi and Bulow both extend state welfare?

A

Recognition of trade unions

Restrictions on child labour

A progressive income tax

A reduction in the maximum hours a woman could work to 11

Ban on Sunday working

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13
Q

In 1871, only 8 German towns had more than 100,000 inhabitants how many were there by 1910?

A

48 German towns of that number

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14
Q

True or false, by the 1890s, the average German worker worked nearly two hours a day less than the average British worker

A

False - in fact they worked 2 hours a day more

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15
Q

In comparison to the average British worker in the 1890s, how much did German workers earn?

A

Earned a third less

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16
Q

By October 1918, how much did German women make up of the workforce?

A

They made up a third of the total workforce

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17
Q

During the winter of 1918-19, approx. 750,000 Germans died from what?

A

Starvation & malnutrition

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18
Q

How much did the supply of milk fall by between 1914 and 1918?

A

50%

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19
Q

Which two groups were most negatively hit by hyperinflation in 1923?

A

Pensioners
Unskilled workers

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20
Q

True or false, in November 1918, workers were granted an 8 hour working day

A

True - under the Stinnes-Legien Pact

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21
Q

True or false, by 1920, war victims’ benefits represented 20% of all government expenditure

A

False - was actually 40%

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22
Q

True or false, the extended unemployment insurance scheme (1927) was larger than in any other country

A

True - It covered over 17 M workers

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23
Q

Who paid for the Unemployment scheme introduced in 1923?

A

Both workers & employers

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24
Q

In 1920, how many women were elected to the Reichstag?

A

111

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25
Q

True or false, in the 1920s, Germany led the world in the development of contraceptives including condoms & diaphragms

A

True - Although advertising them remained illegal until 1927

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26
Q

When was abortion first made legal?

A

1926

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27
Q

True or false, in the 1920s, approximately 11% of German doctors and 16% of lawyers were Jewish, even though German Jews represented less than 1% of the population

A

True

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28
Q

What happened to the military budget between 1924 and 1928?

A

Increased by 75%

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29
Q

True or false, in 1926, the Reichstag passed a law ‘to protect youth from pornography.’

A

True

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30
Q

True or false, the artist George Grosz had been a Spartacist in January 1919?

A

True

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31
Q

True or false, George Grosz was fined in 1920 for ‘defaming the army’

A

True

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32
Q

When did state run radio broadcasts begin?

A

1923

33
Q

Who were German youth particularly influenced by culturally at this time?

A

America

34
Q

Hitler’s social policies were directed at creating a…

A

Volksgemeinschaft

35
Q

To symbolically bring workers and employers together, Hitler created the…

A

DAF (German Labour Front)

36
Q

How did the Nazis encourage/force women into traditional roles?

A

Made abortion illegal except for genetic reasons

Offered women allowances to give up employment

Established a ‘German Motherhood’ Cross (Medal)

Increased maternity benefits

37
Q

When did membership of the Hitler Youth became compulsory for Aryan boys?

A

1936

38
Q

In the 1960s, how many percentage of the civil service was women?

A

23%
A much lower percentage than in the Weimar Republic

39
Q

In 1953, how of new heads of department in the Civil Service were former Nazi Party members?

A

60%

40
Q

In the Foreign Office, what percentage of officals served under Hitler?

A

78%

41
Q

How many civil servants were permanently excluded from future employment due to
their actions during the Third Reich?

A

Only 1000

Many civil servants dismissed in the immediate
post-war period were reinstated after 1951 and received full pension credits for their
service in the Third Reich

42
Q

By 1937, what percentage of teachers belonged to the National Socialist Teachers’ League?

A

95%

43
Q

What was the name of a Nazi charity to help less well-off members of the People’s Community

A

Winterhilfe

44
Q

Who was appointed Reich Bishop in May 1933?

A

Ludwig Muller

45
Q

What was the deal struck with the Catholic Church in July 1933 called?

A

The concordat

46
Q

What was the name of the Neo-Pagan organisation that was set up to replace Christianity in the long term?

A

German Faith Movement

47
Q

When were the Nuremberg Laws against German Jews introduced?

A

1935

48
Q

When was Kristallnacht?

A

November 1938

49
Q

What was the Madagascar Plan of July 1940?

A

A plan to force Jews to live on the island of Madagascar

49
Q

Who was the Minister responsible for the Reich Chamber of Culture?

A

Goebbels

50
Q

When was the Nazis’ anti-intellectual book burning?

A

May 1933

51
Q

What was the name of the questionnaire used by the Allies to root out major Nazi offenders after the war?

A

Fragebogen

52
Q

What percentage of West Germans in 1955 thought Hitler would have been one of the greatest chancellors, had it not been for the war?

A

48%

53
Q

What percentage of West Germans in 1967 thought Hitler would have been one of the greatest chancellors, had it not been for the war?

A

32%

54
Q

True or false, in 1962, ten West German states made teaching of the Nazi era compulsory in secondary schools

A

True

55
Q

In 1970, where did Chancellor Willy Brandt kneel before?

A

Warsaw Ghetto Memorial

56
Q

Which West German TV series in 1979 was watched by 20 million (half the adult population) of the FRG?

A

Holocaust

57
Q

How much did the average income of a West German household between 1950 and 1970?

A

400%

58
Q

What happened to the number of self-employed West Germans between 1950 and 1989?

A

It decreased by 6%

59
Q

Germany won the Football World Cup in which years?

A

1954, 1974 and 1990

60
Q

In which year were the Olympic Games held in Munich?

A

1972

61
Q

In 1950, what fraction of West German households were headed by a widow or divorced female?

A

A third

62
Q

True or false, by 1989, just over half of West German workers were women?

A

True

63
Q

In 1960, the average German woman had how many children?

A

2.4

64
Q

By 1989, the average German woman had how many children?

A

1.4

65
Q

True or false, in 1976, the criminal code on abortion was liberalised and in 1977 divorce was made easier.

A

True

66
Q

When was the FRG voting age reduced from 21 to 18?

A

1972

67
Q

In 1955, what percentage of young West Germans said they took their parents as role models?

A

16%

68
Q

In 1984, what percentage of young West Germans said they took their parents as role models?

A

3%

69
Q

In the early 1970s, what was the school leaving age raised to?

A

16

70
Q

In 1950, there had been just over 100,000 university students in West Germany. By 1989, the figure was…

A

1,000,000

71
Q

How did Willy Brandt improve educational opportunities?

A

Increased teacher training provision

Increased government spending on education by five times what it had been

Grants to poorer families to continue their education

Abolition of fees for higher education

Grants for students to cover university living costs

72
Q

In what year was the Mogadishu hijacking incident?

A

1977

73
Q

In 1984, what percentage of West Germans were unemployed?

A

9%

74
Q

True or false by the 1970s, the FRG had the greatest density of theatres anywhere in the world?

A

True

75
Q

Which of the following newspapers, founded in 1952, became a popular tabloid?

A

Bild

76
Q

By 1989, there were estimated to be how many members of extreme right wing groups in the FRG?

A

18,000

77
Q

In 1991, the new reunified German Bundestag chose Berlin as the new capital. What had the captial of the FRG been?

A

Bonn

78
Q

What did Volksgemeinschaft mean?

A

Peoples community

German history (3 decks)

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