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German history > German economy 1871-1991 > Flashcards

German economy 1871-1991 Flashcards

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1
Q

What was the French Indemnity of 1871?

A

Money demanded by Germany at the end of the Franco-Prussian War

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2
Q

True or false the German economy grew by 5% each year until 1873?

A

True

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3
Q

True or false between 1873 and 1896 there was a world trade recession known as the ‘Great Depression’?

A

True

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4
Q

True or false the German economy was stronger in 1873 than in 1895?

A

False

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5
Q

Until the 1880s what percentage of Germany’s GNP was made up of agriculture?

A

35-40%

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6
Q

Between 1890 and 1914, how much did Germany’s industrial production increase by?

A

Tripled

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7
Q

From the 1870s, the number of cartels grew. What is a cartel?

A

An association of producers in similar businesses

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8
Q

In 1875, there were 8 cartels in Germany. How many were there in 1911?

A

600

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9
Q

True or false by 1914, the German merchant marine was three times larger than that of the USA?

A

True

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10
Q

By 1914, what size was the German merchant marine compared to Britian?

A

It was a quarter of the size of Britain’s merchant fleet

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11
Q

By the early 1900s, Germany was producing three quarters of the world’s…

A

chemical dyes

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12
Q

By 1913, Germany controlled half the world’s trade in…

A

Electricals

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13
Q

Which of the following German companies was famous in the field of electricals?

A

Siemens

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14
Q

Which two factors posed the greatest threat to German farming by the 1880s?

A

Refrigeration and steam ships

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15
Q

What percentage of the German population worked in agriculture by 1907?

A

35%

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16
Q

What two countries did tariffs help to keep out cheap grain from?

A

America and Russia

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17
Q

How did Caprivi alter tariffs levels in the early 1890s?

A

He lowered tariff levels

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18
Q

How did Bulow alter tariffs levels in 1902?

A

He raised tariff levels

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19
Q

In 1899, what did Loewe rebuild his Berlin factory using?

A

American mass production technique

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20
Q

What was the most important German trading port?

A

Hamburg

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21
Q

True or false in 1870, there were more science graduates from Munich University than from all the English universities combined?

A

True

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22
Q

True or false between 1890 and 1914, Germany experienced a period of relatively good economic performance with low inflation and low unemployment?

A

True

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23
Q

What did the German government do to finance WW1

A

They increased borrowing

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24
Q

What happended to productivity during the war?

A

It fell by 4% a year

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25
How much was the Reichsmark was worth in 1919?
20% less than its pre-war value
26
As part of the Treaty of Versailles, Germany lost which coal producing region to France for 15 years?
The Saar
27
What was the reparations figure set at?
£6.6 billion
28
By 1921, unemployment in Britain was 17%. In Germany, it was...
2%
29
When did Germany fall behind with reparation payments, leading to French occupation of the Ruhr?
January 1923
30
What action did Chancellor Cuno take in response to the French action?
Ordered a passive resistance campaign
31
Who did Stresemann appoint as the new Reich Currency Commissioner and head of the Reichsbank in August 1923?
Hjalmar Schacht
32
What name was given to the new currency introduced in November 1923?
Rentenmark
33
What was the new currency exchange rate was set at for the Rentenmark to the mark?
One new mark to one trillion old marks
34
Who was Charles Dawes?
An American banker
35
What was the Dawes Plan replaced by in 1929?
The Young Plan
36
What happended as a result of the changes made by the Dawes Plan by 1926?
Inflation fell to zero but unemployment was 20%
37
How did the reperations change as a result from the Young Plan?
They were reduced by 75%
38
When did output reach pre-war levels?
1927
39
What did Chancellor Bruning do to deal with the economic crisis in 1930?
He introduced a policy of austerity
40
Unemployment peaked in 1932 at...
6 million
41
Chancellor Bruning achieved one notable success in 1932 when he...
negotiated an end to reparations
42
How did Hitler's regime reduce unemployment in the early 1930s? (3 ways)
Increased spending on public works programmes Women were pushed out of employment The Reich Labour Service (RAD) was introduced
43
Hitler wanted to create a Wehrwirtschaft, what does this mean?
Defence economy
44
In 1934, how did the New Plan (under Schacht) help to deal with the economic challenges? (2 ways)
Strict import controls were put in place Trade agreements led to countries accepting payment in Reichsmarks
45
Despite Schacht's economic improvements, what two economic problems remained?
The balance of payments was in deficit Food prices rose, eroding real wages
46
In August 1936, a Four-Year Plan was established, what did this include? (2 things)
To ensure autarky To develop ersatz materials that set targets for output
47
The Nazi regime encouraged people to contribute to schemes that actually provided more money for rearmament programmes including... (2)
Volkswagen (KdF) Winterhilfswerk
48
By 1939, as a result of the Four Year Plan, ........
Germany still imported a third of all raw materials
49
The OfficeThe Office of the Four Year Plan was headed by
Goering
50
The first Minister of Armaments & Munitions appointed in March 1940 was ...
Todt
51
Forced labourers were estimated to be .....
up to 80% les productive than German workers
52
Life expectancy for an Auschwitz labourer was estimated at .....
3 months
53
Speer improved the war economy by .....
establishing a Central Planning Board increasing the standardisation of equipment introducing female conscription reducing the manufacture of unnecessary goods
54
Which of the following were achieved by Speer within six months of his appointment?
armaments production rose by 50% tank production by 25% ammunition production by 97%
55
Which order from Hitler did Speer ignore in March 1945?
Nero Order
56
After 1945, which of the following are correct about the Soviet zone of occupation?
The USSR took reparations in the form of goods Productive capacity decreased by 50% compared to pre-war levels Junker estates were turned into collective state farms
57
Which of the following helped the Western zones rebuild their economy after 1945?
The introduction of a new currency in 1948 The Marshall Plan Creation of Bizonia and then Trizonia
58
Who called Adenauer the 'Chancellor or the Allies' due to his work on European integration?
Schumacher
59
In which post-war decade did the FRGs' GNP growth rate peak at over 8% per annum?
1950s
60
Who wrote a book entitled 'Prosperity for All' in 1957?
Erhard
61
Which of the following factors helped the FRG to achieve an 'economic miracle'?
It included the traditionally industrial Ruhr region Marshall Aid The Korean War Refugees from the East Rearmament Modernisation of factories destroyed by bombing
62
Which of the following laws for economic development were passed in the 1950s?
Investment Aid Law (1951) Co-determination Law (1951) The ECSC Agreement (1951) Anti-Trust Law (1958)
63
First year that a minor recession hit the FRG
1965
64
65
The first serious post-war recession occurred in ...
1974
66
By the 1970s, Gastarbeiter made up what percentage of the West German workforce?
10%
67
During the 1970s, SPD led governments looked to broaden economic opportunities by....
increasing spending on job creation schemes increasing the social housing budget by a third introducing a new Factory law to benefit workers
68
Which of the following helped to fuel FRG inflation in the early 1970s?
The Yom Kippur War Increased welfare spending
69
Key political event that led to further inflation pressures between 1980-1982?
Overthrow of the Shah of Iran
70
The currency union of 1990 established an exchange rate of ....
One Deutschmark for one Ostmark
71
In March 1991, a new 7.5% tax was introduced to help pay the costs of reunification. It is known as the ..
Soli
72
Which of the following economic consequences were felt in the former DDR by 1991?
Real income rose by 28% 175,000 new businesses were founded Women who had relied on state childcare lost employment GNP declined by over 13% in 1990 GNP declined by 20% in 1991 There was a mass exodus of younger people to the West An 'Eastern Recovery Programme' was established
73
What was the proportion of prisoners used for work in 1942?
Only 40%

German history (3 decks)

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