Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

ICM > Geriatrics > Flashcards

Geriatrics Flashcards

1
Q

What is Aging?

A

Gradual and spontaneous change:

Maturation: childhood/puberty/young adulthood

Then decline through middle/late age

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is senescence?

A

Capacity for cell division, growth, and function is lost over time and ends with death

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What senses change?

What change occurs in the mouth?

A

Senses: Smell and Taste

Mouth: decrease saliva production

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What changes occur in the esophagus?

A

Generally little change:

Decrease UES pressure/relaxation

Decrease amplitude of peristalsis

Longer duration of reflux episodes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

*** Know the GI tract in the geriatric patient:

Change in the bowel?

A

Decline in absorption of Vit D, Zinc, and Ca++

Decrease in anal sphincter pressure (incomplete evac or incontinence)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What changes occur in the pancreas?

A
  • Decrease insulin secretion and sensitivity
  • Increase incidence of Diabetes II
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What changes occur in the liver with age?

A
  • Delayed regeneration after injury
  • Decreased BF and metabolism of drugs
  • Decrease in serum albumin binding capacity
  • Decrease in LDL extraction from blood
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What changes occur in the Gallbladder?

A
  • Decrease bile acid secretion
  • Increase phospholipid/cholesterol composition of bile
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What types of medications cause constipation?

A
  • Anticholinergics
  • Opiates
  • Iron
  • Ca++ channel blockers
  • Ca++ supplements
  • NSAIDs
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What types of medications cause diarrhea?

A
  • Antibiotics
  • Donepezil
  • Supplements
  • Metformin (she mentioned in class)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What changes in the Kidney of the elderly?

A

Decrease in:

  • weight, mass, and number/size of nephrons
  • Glomeruli and GFR
  • BF
  • Renin/Aldosterone levels
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What changes in the urinary bladder?

A
  • Decrease in capacity and contractility
  • Increase of uninhibited contractions
  • Women: decrease urethral length and sphincter strength
  • Men: prostatic hypertrophy
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Falls - standard?

A

IT IS NOT NORMAL TO FALL***

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Intrinsic factors contributing to falls?

A
  • Cerebellum
  • Cognitive health
  • Musculoskeletal system
  • Nervous system
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Extrinsic factors involved with falls?

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What medications can cause falls?

A
  • Antidepressants
  • Antipsychotics
  • Benzos
  • Beta-blockers
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

*** important

General important causes of weight loss?

A

Ability to:

  • obtain food
  • prepare food
  • ingest/digest/absorb food
18
Q

*****

Treatable causes of undesired wt. loss

A
  • Meds
  • Emotional probs (depression)
  • Anorexia/alcoholism
  • Late paranoia
  • Swallowing probs
  • Oral factors (dentures)
  • No money
  • Wandering (DIMENTIA)
  • Hyper/othyroidism
  • Enteric probs
  • Eating probs (cant feed oneself)
  • Low salt/cholesterol
  • Social probs
19
Q

Meds that cause wt loss

A
  • CV: digoxin
  • GI: cimetidine
  • Psychiatric
  • Anti-ineffectives
  • Supplements
  • Antineoplastics
  • Anti-rheumatics
  • Theophylline (pulm)
  • Thyroid replacement
20
Q

Memory loss?

A

IT IS NOT NORMAL TO HAVE MEMORY LOSS**

21
Q

What is dementia?

A

Cognitive and behavior disorder from a chronic disease

****Symptom only***

22
Q

What is benign senescent memory loss?

A

Normal decline in cognition with age

Does NOT impact functional status or behavior

23
Q

What is delirium

A

Acute (abrupt) confusional state:

Inability to sustain attention and a change in perception with evidence that the disturbance is related to another condition

24
Q

***** MUST KNOW DIFFERENCES BETWEEN DIMENTIA AND DELIRIUM

A

Dimentia

  • Gradual, chronic, irreversible, no change in attention

Delirium

  • Abrupt, acute, reversible, mental status varies drastically and quickly, short attention span
25
\*\*\*\* Primary dementias?
Alzheimers Multi-infarct Lewy Body disease
26
\*\*\*\*\*\* Most common treatable cause of dementia?
Depression\*\*\*\*\*
27
Large difference between alzheimers and lewy body disease?
Lewy body disease has a much faster progression and is thus harder to "treat"
28
Late onset of alzheimers has an increased risk when?
If allele 4 of APO-E on C19
29
Genetic testing and dementia?
Not recommended: * If you have the gene - may not get * If you dont have the gene - may get * No cure * Insurance
30
Dimentia symptoms?
Memory loss, aggression, hallucinations Change in personality, behavior, and functionality Sleeplessness Sexually inappropriate
31
Physical exam Indicators of: Focal neurologic deficits? Parkinsonism? Normal exam?
* Focal * Multi-infarct * Parkinsonism * Lewy body * Normal * Alzheimers
32
First stage - mild dementia?
2-4 yrs prior and including diagnosis Recent memory loss
33
Second stage - moderate dementia?
2-10 years after diagnosis Memory loss, confusion, and short attention span
34
Third stage - Severe dementia?
1-3 years at the end Unable to recognize family or self in mirror
35
\*\* Know basics of Functional assessment of Alzheimers Stage 1? Stage 2? Stage 3? Stage 4?
* S1 * no difficulties * S2 * word finding difficulties, forgetful * S3 * decreased organization, difficulty in job * S4 * Difficulty with complex tasks
36
\*\* Know basics of Functional assessment of Alzheimers Stage 5? Stage 6? Stage 7?
* S5 * Assistance with proper clothing * S6 * very debilitating * S7 * Less than 6 months left
37
Competency vs cognitive ability? (she discussed in class)
Competency: legal ability and right to manage their own affairs Cognitive ability: medical
38
\*\*\*Greatest difficulty with medication and the elderly?
**Compliance** * Social circumstance * lives alone, transportation, finances * Regimen * ease of dosing * Health * cognition and vision
39
Metabolic changes in absorption and distribution?
* Absorption * Decreased in GI tract and topical * Distribution * decrease in lean body mass, total body water, and serum plasma proteins * increase in body fat
40
Three main drug related problems (not including compliance)?
* Adverse drug reactions * Adverse withdrawl events * Therapeutic failure
41
Risk factors for adverse drug reactions?
* Mutiple meds and comorbidities * Certain drug classes \*Significant cause of hospitalization
42
When regimening the elderly - what extra precautions should be taken?
* Determine necessity * Know potential ADRs * Start low * Go slow * Change only one medication at a time * Simplify regimen (and review at every visit)

ICM (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions