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Developmental Concepts > Geriatrics > Flashcards

Geriatrics Flashcards

1
Q

Ageism is associated with

A

-Earlier death (7.5 years)
-Poorer physical and mental health
-Poor health behaviors

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2
Q

What percentage of grandparents live with and provide for a grandchild?

A

30%

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3
Q

In 2020, people 65+ comprised what % of the population?

A

20%

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4
Q

Ratio of women to men ages 65-74

A

100:86

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5
Q

What % of people 85+ live in long term care facilities?

A

15%

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6
Q

Successful aging includes

A

-Low risk of disease and de-conditioning
-High cognitive and physical function
-Active engagement with life

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7
Q

Optimal Aging

A

The capacity to function across many domains (physical, functional, cognitive, emotional, social, spiritual) to one’s satisfaction and in spite of medical conditions

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8
Q

Primary aging

A

Inevitable, affects all systems

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9
Q

Secondary aging

A

Lifestyle, environment, disease

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10
Q

Factors that contribute to successful aging

A

-Physical Activity
-Lifestyle
-Sense of purpose
-Stress management
-Social networks
-Family support
-Sleep

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11
Q

Atypical aging

A

May look like normal aging, but is due to underlying disease processes (cognition)

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12
Q

How much muscle is lost per decade after 50?

A

12-15%

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13
Q

Age of peak bone density

A

30

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14
Q

Neuromuscular decreases

A

-Brain weight and volume
-Vascular supply and metabolism
-Nerve conduction and velocity

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15
Q

Neuro red flags

A

-LOC
-Confusion
-Seizures
-Sudden bowel and bladder incontinence
-Sudden gait abnormalities

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16
Q

1 cause of death in US

A

Heart disease

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17
Q

Cardiopulmonary decreases

A

-VO2 max (10%/decade after 20)
-Cardiac output
-Blood vessel elasticity
-Pacemaker cells
-Chest wall compliance
-Lung capacity
-Heart cell walls thicken

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18
Q

Oral changes

A

-Decreased saliva production
-Increased risk for swallowing issues

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19
Q

Gut changes

A

-Altered digestive hormones
-Decreased stomach motility and peristalsis

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20
Q

Overall GI changes

A

-Earlier satiety
-Impaired olfaction

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21
Q

Presbyopia

A

-Far sighted
-Starts in middle age

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22
Q

Decreased visual acuity

A

-More light needed
-Larger text

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23
Q

Hardening and yellowing of lens

A

Difficulty distinguishing colors

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24
Q

Cataracts

A

-Clouding of lens due to protein buildup
-Occurs in 70% of adults age 75

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25
Q

Glaucoma

A

Loss of peripheral vision

26
Q

Macular degeneration

A

Loss of clarity at center of visual field

27
Q

Retinopathy

A

Damaged blood vessels in eyes

28
Q

Skin is how much of bodyweight?

A

15%

29
Q

Skin: fewer blood vessels, oil, sweat glands

A

Less thermoregulation and hydration

30
Q

Skin: decreased cell turnover

A

Increased healing time, decreased barrier function

31
Q

Skin: fewer mast cells

A

Increased risk of infection

32
Q

Less collagen and elastin

A

Thinner skin, wrinkles

33
Q

Cognitive aspects that remain stable with aging

A

-Long term memory and procedural memory
-Retention of newly learned material (may require cueing to recall)
-Visual recognition of objects

34
Q

Mild Cognitive Impairment Incidence

A

-Affects 19% of people 65-74
-Affects 38% of people 85+

35
Q

Mild Cognitive Impairment Definition

A

-Reduces the capabilities of a person compared to their respective age and education level, but does not interfere with ADL’s
-Gradual decline over 6+ months
-Inverse relationship with education
-Increases risk of Alzheimer’s

36
Q

Dementia

A

Umbrella term for a collection of diseases that affect the brain

37
Q

Dementia affects

A

Thinking, behavior, ability to perform everyday tasks (ADL’s)

38
Q

Dementia diagnostic criteria: two or more must be significantly impaired

A

-Memory
-Communication and language
-Ability to focus and pay attention
-Reasoning and judgement
-Visual perception

39
Q

Other conditions that may present as dementia

A

-Depression
-UTI
-Delirium
-Medication side effects
-Vitamin deficiency
-Alcohol/drug abuse

40
Q

Delirium

A

-Sudden change in mental function
-Often accompanied by decreased level of consciousness, slurred speech, agitation, hallucinations, emotional lability

41
Q

Causes of delirium

A

-UTI or infection
-Dehydration
-Hospitalization (11-42% of people)
-Drug interactions

42
Q

Most common mental health condition in people 65+

A

Depression

43
Q

Depression incidence

A

-11-16% of overall older adult population
-30-44% of people in communal living facilities

44
Q

Biggest contributing factors for depression

A

Loneliness, life events, transitions

45
Q

PHQ-2 Scoring

A

-3 or higher indicates likelihood of major depressive disorder
-Should be further evaluated with PHQ-9

46
Q

Cancer incidence has increased how much in older adults over the past 30 years?

A

26%

47
Q

Increased chance of developing cancer as an older adult than a young person

A

11x

48
Q

Signs and symptoms of cancer

A

-Constant pain at night
-Weight loss
-Fever
-Extreme fatigue
-Back pain

49
Q

Underweight

A

-BMI less than 18.5
-Weakness
-Slow gait speed
-Low energy
-Shrinking
-Inactivity

50
Q

Frailness predictive of

A

-Falls
-Hospitalization
-Death
-Disability

51
Q

Leading cause of long term disability

A

Stroke

52
Q

Strokes reduce mobility in what percent of stroke survivors over 65?

A

Half

53
Q

Stroke risk factors

A

-Age
-High blood pressure
-Diabetes
-Smoking
-High cholesterol
-Heart disease

54
Q

Primary infection acquired in hospitals or long term care facilities?

A

UTI

55
Q

What percent of women 65+ have had a UTI within the last 12 months?

A

10%

56
Q

Signs and symptoms of UTI

A

-Fever
-Flank pain
-Hematuria
-Change in mental and functional status (mimics dementia)
-Report falling or loss of balance

57
Q

Primary older adults are how much more likely to have pneumonia and be hospitalized?

A

4x and 5x

58
Q

Second leading cause of hospital acquired infection?

A

Pneumonia

59
Q

Pneumonia occurs in what percent of hospital admissions?

A

8-10%

60
Q

Pneumonia leads to what % of all diagnosis of sepsis?

A

50%

61
Q

Pneumonia leads to what % mortality rate?

A

33%

Developmental Concepts (3 decks)

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