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Developmental Concepts > geriatrics > Flashcards

geriatrics Flashcards

1
Q

what percent of people over 65 are in nursing homes

A

4%

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2
Q

____ is associated with earlier death (7.5 years), poorer physical and mental health, and poor health behaviors

A

ageism

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3
Q

what is ageism

A

stereotyping, prejudice and discrimination based on age

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4
Q

in 2020, people 65 and over comprised of ___% of the population in the US

A

20%

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5
Q

for every 100 women between the ages of 65-74, there are ___ men

A

86

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6
Q

___% of people over 85 live in long term care facilities

A

15%

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7
Q

primary aging

A

inevitable
affects all systems

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8
Q

secondary aging

A

caused by lifestyle, environment, and disease

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9
Q

____% to ____% muscle loss per decade after 50

A

12-15%

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10
Q

neuromuscular red flags in aging

A

confusion, seizures, sudden incontinence, gait abnormalities

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11
Q

what is the #1 cause of death in the US in older populations

A

heart disease

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12
Q

VO2 max declines __% per decade after 20

A

10%

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13
Q

cataracts

A

clouding of lens due to protein buildup

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14
Q

cataracts occur in ___% of 75 year olds

A

70%

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15
Q

glaucoma

A

loss of peripheral vision

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16
Q

macular degeneration

A

loss of clarity at center of visual field

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17
Q

retinopathy

A

damaged blood vessels in eyes

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18
Q

integumentary system makes up __% of our body weight

A

15%

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19
Q

what is the largest organ in the body

A

skin

20
Q

a pressure sore can develop within how many hours

A

2 hours

21
Q

how is long term memory and procedural memory affected by age

A

it isn’t! these are relatively stable

22
Q

mild cognitive impairment (MCI) affects ___% of people age 65-74, and __% of people age 85+

A

19%
38%

23
Q

mild cognitive impairment increases risk for

A

alzheimer’s

24
Q

what is the most common form of dementia

A

alzheimer’s

25
Q

delirium vs dementia

A

delirium is SUDDEN change of mental function whereas dementia happens over time

26
Q

what are some symptoms of delirium

A

UTI
dehydration
hospitalization
drug interactions

27
Q

what is the most common mental health condition in people over 65

A

depression

28
Q

__% to __% of the older population has depression

A

11-16%

29
Q

PHQ-2

A

2 question screening tool to identify depression

30
Q

what are the 2 questions on the PHQ-2

A
  1. have you ever felt down, depressed, or hopeless
  2. have you felt little interest or pleasure in doing things?
31
Q

a score of 3 or higher on the PHQ-2 indicates…

A

likelihood of major depressive disorder

32
Q

cancer incidence has increased by __% in older adults in the last 30 years

A

26%

33
Q

__x more likelihood of developing cancer as an older adult than younger

A

11x

34
Q

African-Americans, American Indians, and Pacific Islanders are more susceptible to…

A

type 2 diabetes

35
Q

what are the 4 degrees of frailty

A
  1. fit
  2. mild frailty (prefrail)
  3. moderate frailty
  4. severe frailty (end stage)
36
Q

what are the 3 main risks of developing a stroke

A
  1. age
  2. high blood pressure
  3. diabetes
37
Q

__% of women 65+ have had a UTI within 12 months

A

10%

38
Q

4 things to look for in potential stroke patients

A

face
arms
speech
time

39
Q

what type of infection can mimic dementia symptoms

A

UTIs

40
Q

how many times more likely are primary older adults to have pneumonia

A

4x

41
Q

how many times more likely are primary older adults to be hospitalized from pneumonia

A

5x

42
Q

what is the second leading cause of hospital acquired infection

A

pneumonia

43
Q

pneumonia occurs in __% to __% of all hospital admissions

A

8-10%

44
Q

pneumonia leads to__% of all diagnosis of sepsis

A

50%

45
Q

what % of people die from pneumonia

A

33%

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