GERIATRICS Flashcards
characterized by the early appearance of aphasia, difficulties with calculation, and memory loss
Cortical Dementia
PROGRESSIVE DETERIORATION OF MEMORY AND COGNITION that is due to general medical condition or substance induced.
In dementia cognitive deficits should be apparent even with clarity of consciousness.
DEMENTIA
A sensorineural hearing loss of unclear
cause. Typically bilateral, with difficulty hearing
high-pitched tones and conversational
speech
Presbycusis
Decreased sense of smell due to aging - declines by 60s to 70s
Hyposmia
Decrease in taste
Hypoguesia
Inflammation of gums extending to the
underlying tissue, roots of tooth shrinks,
and the gingiva retracts
Peridontal Disease
Are saclike protrusion of the mucosa along
the GI tract. Resulting from increased intraluminal
pressure
Diverticula
the presence of multiple diverticula that
are not inflamed. Mostly symptom free; vague abdominal
discomfort, constipation or diarrhea
Diverticulosis
inflammation of/or around a
diverticular sac caused by retention of
undigested food, stool and bacteria
Diverticulitis
Symptoms of older adult with diverticulitis
Afebrile and little abdominal discomfort
Complicates to perforation, peritonitis
Diagnostic test used for diverticulitis
Barium enema
Common type among frail older male
adults. a sudden elimination of urine due to
abnormal detrusor contraction (overactive
bladder)
Urge Incontinence
Involuntary loss of urine due to sudden
increase in intra abdominal pressure or
due to intravesical pressure exceeds
urethral resistance. Results from lack of estrogen, obesity,
previous vaginal deliveries or surgery
Stress Incontinence
Occurs when in a chronically full bladder;
bladder pressure rises to a level higher
than
urethral
resistance,
involuntary loss of urine
Overflow Incontinence
Inability to sense the urge to void or
control urine flow. Due to cerebral cortex lesion, multiple
sclerosis, dementia and other disturbances
along neural pathways
Reflex/Neurogenic Incontinence
Results
from physical, mental,
psychological, or environmental factors
interfering with the ability to make it to the
toilet on time. The patient as no physical ability to go to
the CR
Functional Incontinence
Adopt a gradually expanding
voiding schedule with the goal of 2
to 4 hours between toileting
Bladder Training
Alternating contraction relaxation and
of the muscles (pubococcygeal) of the pelvic floor. Practice at least 45 times a day
(lying, sitting and standing)
Kegel Exercise
The patient is assisted in voiding on
regular, preset schedule
Scheduled Toileting
Types of Cognitive Impaired elderly client
- Schedules Training
- Habit Training - PURT
- Prompted Training
Initially assess the patient’s
baseline voiding pattern,
then the patient is assisted
in voiding at the established
times
PURT - Patterned Urge response training (Habit Training)
Patients are approached on a
regular schedule, asked if they are
wet or dry, and then prompted to
use the toilet.
Prompted Voiding
due to inadequate
perfusion; no parenchymal damage;
restoring perfusion would restore renal
function
Prerenal Failure
occurs as a
result of abnormalities within the kidneys. Acute
tubular necrosis most
common cause
Intrarenal
results from an
obstructive or mechanical process in the
urinary tract that interferes with the
outflow of urine.
Post Renal Failure
Determine what stages of kidney damage: GFR >90
Stage 1
Determine what stages of kidney damage: GFR 60 ml and 89 ml
Stage 2
Determine what stages of kidney damage: GFR 30ml and 59ml
Stage 3
Determine what stages of kidney damage: GFR 15ml and 29ml
Stage 4
Determine what stages of kidney damage: GFR less than 15ml
Stage 5
Determine what stages of kidney damage: GFR less than 15ml
Stage 5
CKD stage 4 and 5 Manifestations
Edema, weakness and fatigue
Dry skin and pruritus
Anorexia, nausea
Signs of anemia
prevent or retard
deterioration in remaining renal function
and to assist the body in compensating for
the existing impairment
Conservative treatment
Signs of Peritonitis
abdominal pain,
fever, cloudy dialysate output
Complication of Hemodialysis
SOB, Tachycardia and High BP
Complication of Peritoneal Dialysis
Perotinitis
Complication of Peritoneal Dialysis
Perotinitis
vulvar infection associated with atrophy
primary symptoms: pruritus
Senile Vulvitis
vulvar infection associated with atrophy
primary symptoms: pruritus
Senile Vulvitis
thinning drying and inflammation of the
vaginal wall
Senile Vaginitis
Manifestations of Senile Vanginitis
soreness, burning sensation accompanied
by foul vaginal discharges
age related enlargement of the prostate
gland that constrict the urethra and
obstructs the outflow of urine
Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia
Decline in the biosynthesis and balance of
their sex hormones (FSH and estrogen)
Hypothalamus-anterior
pituitary-ovary
system declines
Menopause
Symptoms of Menopause
Hot flashes, night sweats, depression and
sexual dysfunction
a decline in testosterone levels and
eventual deficiency significant enough to
cause clinical symptoms
Andropause
Most common dermatologic complaint of
older adults. Common cause is xerosis (dry skin)
Pruritus
Skin changes resulting from exposure to
ultraviolet rays
Photoaging (Solar Elastosis)
Three major skin cancer
Basal cell carcinoma
Squamous cell carcinoma
Melanoma
Previously called pressure ulcer. Tissue anoxia, and ischemia due to
pressure can cause necrosis, sloughing, and
ulceration of tissue.
Pressure Injury
Nearsightedness
Myopia
Farsightedness
Presbyopia
age-related “Senile cataracts” due to
oxidative damage to lens protein that
occurs with aging.
Cataract
Pupillary blockage that limits flow of
aqueous humor, causing a rise in
intraocular pressure (IOP) which damages
the optic nerve
Glaucoma
leading cause of blindness among older
adult in US. central visual acuity declines; peripheral
vision is retained
AGE-RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION
A sensorineural hearing loss of unclear
cause. Typically bilateral, with difficulty hearing
high-pitched tones and conversational
speech
Presbycusis
Reduced sense of smell
Hyposmia
Decreased in taste
Hypoguesia
