Geriatric Flashcards
functional reserve
“safety margin for function above basal needs”
- peaks at 30 and gradually declines
- if patient has 4 mets, patient has cardiovascular and respiratory reserve
total body water ____ with age, mainly in the ____cellular compartment
**affects
decreases, intra
higher plasma drug levels of hydrophilic drugs
adipose tissue _____ with age
**affects on drugs distribution and metabolism
increases
increased reservoir and longer half-life for lipid soluble drugs
basal metabolic rate _____ with age
declines
CNS changes with aging
- decreased mass, number of neurons, synthesis of neurotransmitters, receptors, blood flow
- autoregulation stays intact
- post-operative cognitive dysfunction, cause unknown
MAC decreases ____ per decade
6%
Propofol dose is ______ in elderly versus young adults
15% lower
cardiovascular changes with aging
- hypertension due to loss of vascular elasticity
- difficulty increasing cardiac output: reduced efficacy of beta agonists, diminished baroreceptor response, endogenous beta blocked
- diastolic dysfunction, dependent on atrial kick
- prolonged circulation time
- more volume (preload) dependent
pulmonary changes with aging
- loss of elastic recoil
- decreased VC, response to hypercapnia and hypoxia, airway protective reflexes
- increased work of breathing, V/Q mismatch
hepatic changes with aging
- little change in enzyme function
- decreased liver size, blood flow, rate of plasma clearance
renal changes with aging
decreased blood flow, mass, GFR, response to aldosterone and ADH
skeletal muscle _____ with age
**affects
decreases
decreased O2 consumption, CO, heat production
keep blood pressure with ____ of normal
20%
regional anesthesia and the elderly
- decreased post-dural puncture headaches
- may block sympathetic outflow causing hypotension
elderly have ____ PONV than adults
less
