Cancer Flashcards
4 classes of cancer medications
- alkylating agents
- antimetabolites
- antitumor antibiotics
- vinca alkaloids and taxanes
cancer agent targets (3)
- directly damage DNA
- inhibit DNA synthesis
- inhibit cell division
alkylating agents
- consist of carbon and hydrogen and attach to DNA
- work in all stages of cell division
alkylating agents mechanism of action
- direct damage to DNA
- formation of cross-bridges within DNA
- mispairing of nucleotides
alkylating agents adverse effects
- CNS: seizures and neuropathy
- CV: EKG abnormalities
- pulmonary: acute lung injury
- renal: altered renal function
- GI:
- cholinesterase inhibition
antimetabolites
-work in synthesis phase of cell division
antimetabolites mechanism of action
-substitute chemicals that are structurally similar to normal metabolites to inhibit DNA synthesis
antimetabolites adverse effects
- CV: chest pain
- pulmonary: altered ventilation
- renal/hepatic
- GI: avoid NSAIDs
- prolong non-depolarizing neuromuscular blockade
antitumor antibiotics
-every phase except for mitotic division
antitumor antibiotics mechanism of action
- inhibit DNA and RNA synthesis by inserting between bases
- block DNA transcription and replication
- damage DNA and cell membranes
antitumor antibiotics adverse effects
- CV: acute and chronic, majority is reversible
- pulmonary: oxygen toxicity
- renal
- endocrine: altered glucose
- bone marrow
vinca alkaloids and taxanes
-mitotic and G1 phases
vinca alkaloids and taxanes mechanism of action
-affect microtubule formation and breakdown
vinca alkaloids and taxanes adverse effects
- CV
- pulmonary: bronchospasm
- PNS: neuropathies
- bone marrow
- musculoskeletal
- increased K+
medications with anti-tumor effects
- Propofol
- local anesthetics
