Geoscience Test Vocab 9/29/15

Question 1

Porphyry

Answer 1

A rock consisting of LARGE crystals called “PHENOCRYSTS”😡

EMBEDDED IN A MASS OF FINE MINERAL GRAINS

Question 2

LITHIFICATION

Answer 2

The process of converting sediments into coherent, solid rock. Formed by compaction and cementation

Question 3

Cross Bedding

Answer 3

Layers of sediment lying at an angle to the plane IN WHICH SEDIMENT LAYERS ARE NORMALLY DEPOSITED

Question 4

Graded Bedding

Answer 4

A layer of sediments in which the particle size changes gradually FROM LARGE ON THE BOTTOM TO SMALL ON THE TOP

Question 5

Clastic Sediment

Answer 5

Rock or mineral fragments formed by the breakdown of ROCK DUE TO weathering

Question 6

Igneous ROCK

Answer 6

Formed by cooling and crystallization of Molten minerals (MAGMA or LAVA)

Question 7

Sedimentary ROCK

Answer 7

Rock formed by the LITHIFICATION of sediments

Question 8

Metamorphic

Answer 8

Rocks that form as a result of physical and chemical changes in existing Rock

Question 9

Sediment

Answer 9

Solid particles that have been transported and then deposited by agents of erosion

Question 10

Magma

Answer 10

Molten rock beneath the Earth’s crust (surface)

Question 11

Lava

Answer 11

Molten rock on the earths surface

Question 12

Texture

Answer 12

The size shape and arrangement of mineral crystals or grains in a rock

Question 13

Mineral composition

Answer 13

The minerals present in a rock

Question 14

Intrusive

Intrusive igneous rock:

Answer 14

Plutonic magma below ground

A rock formed by the slow cooling of magma within the earth

Question 15

Extrusive

Extrusive igneous rock:

Answer 15

Above ground quick cooling

A rock formed by the rapid cooling of lava at the surface of the earth

Question 16

Parent rock

Answer 16

The original rock

Question 17

Contact metamorphosis

Answer 17

Changes in rock that result from extreme heat produced by contact with magma or lava

Question 18

VESICLES

Answer 18

A rock texture characterized by cavities formed by gas bubbles escaping from lava ask it cools and solidifies

Question 19

Felsic

Answer 19

FELSIC== rocks rich in the minerals feldspar and silica (Quartz)

Silicon and aluminum, thick lava, continental crust

Question 20

MAFIC

Answer 20

Magnesium + Iron, thin lava, dark color, high density, oceanic crust.

Question 21

Cementations

Answer 21

The binding together of sediment particles

Question 22

Compaction

Answer 22

The reduction in volume or thickness of a sediment layer due to pressure

Question 23

Organic sediment

Answer 23

Particles produced by living organisms

Question 24

Chemical sediment

Answer 24

Particles that crystallize out of solution

Question 25

Metamorphism

Answer 25

Rocks that change the physical and chemical properties of existing rock

Question 26

Clastic sediment:

Answer 26

Rock or mineral fragments formed by the breakdown of weathering

Question 27

Contact metamorphosis

Answer 27

Changes in rock that result from extreme heat PRODUCED by CONTACT with magma or lava.