Geopolitics and Development Flashcards
1
Q
How was the the term ‘Third World’ coined from?
A
- British Labour party pamphlet (1947) –>‘third force’
- Bourdet (1949) –> the French political left as ‘third force’
2
Q
Why is the Third World not an innocent term?
A
- Intimately bound up with Cold War geopolitics
- Development as a discourse to the spread of communism and counter-insurgency weapon
- Third World as a ‘project’ not a place
3
Q
How is aid key for the US?
A
- Instrument for US for containing spread of communism
- Key part of US national security – Kennedy stating that collapse in ‘Third World’ would harmful to US prosperity (USAID, 2002)
4
Q
What are the characteristics of aid?
A
- Technical services
- Post-colonial guilt
- Political tool shed with carrot and stick approaches
- Knowledge and ideology industry
Sogge (2002)
5
Q
How does aid relate to gift theoy?
A
- Giving, receiving and reciprocating
- Must be offered as voluntary, disinterested and free
- Also sets an obligation to buy something in return
- Social function of the gift economy – creation and tending of social relationships
- Foreign aid is exempt from obligation to reciprocate –> affirms social hierarchy of donor over time
Mauss (1990)
6
Q
How does international relations theory explain what aid does?
A
- Political realist –> tool of foreign policy
- Liberal internationalists –> means of promoting development in recipient countries
- World systems theorists –> securing ongoing uneven capital accumulation
Mauss (1990)
