Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Geology > Geology Exam #1 > Flashcards

Geology Exam #1 Flashcards

1
Q

What was the geocentric model of the universe?

A

A geocentric Model of a Universe thats say the earth is placed in the center of the universe

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What did it The geocentric model account for?

A

That the Earth is stationary. The plants sun and star all revolve around the earth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what are the three rule for defining a planet

A

It must Orbit a star,It must be big enough to have enough gravity to force it into a spherical shape, It must be big enough that its gravity has cleared away any other objects of a similar size near its orbit around the Sun.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the main differences between Terrestrial and Jovian planets?

A

Terrestrial Planet are rocky and large while Jovian Planets are small and are gas formed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the major ways in which the Earth gets/has gotten its internal heat?

A

The heat from when the planet formed, The heat from radioactive decay, and other radioactive elemements

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are Earth’s mechanical layers?

A

Lithosphere, asthensopshere, lower mantle, outer core, and inner core

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are Earth’s compositional layers?

A

core mantle and crust

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

How does pressure and temperature change when
moving into the Earth’s interior?

A

The temperature and the pressure both increase as we go deeper within the Earth, toward its core.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the main elements that compose the earth

A

ron, oxygen, silicon, and magnesium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Plastic vs. elastic vs. brittle deformation

A

Elastic=temporary
plastic=permanent
rupture=rock breaks while undergoing elastic strain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Magnetic poles

A

is the point where the lines of force of the Earth’s magnetic field converge.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Geographic poles

A

is the end of the Earth’s rotation axis and is the North on geographic maps.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What interior portion of the
Earth is responsible for the magnetic field generation?

A

the fluid outer core by a self-exciting dynamo process

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the general structure/layers of our atmosphere?

A

troposhphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, thermosphere, and exosphere

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the most abundant
gas in our atmosphere?

A

nitrogen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are Earth’s principal greenhouse gases?

A

carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, and various synthetic chemicals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What does the ozone layer do for us?

A

absorbs a portion of the radiation from the sun, preventing it from reaching the planet’s surface.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

On which plate do volcanoes form at a subduction zone?

A

Oceanic Plate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What main factors and theories does the theory of plate tectonics explain/support?

A

how major landforms are created as a result of Earth’s subterranean movements.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What were Wegener’s lines of evidence for continental drift?

A

fit of the continents, paleoclimate indicators, truncated geologic features, and fossils.

21
Q

Which two layers of Earth compose tectonic plates

A

crust and upper mantle

22
Q

oceanic crust?

A

is thinner and denser,

23
Q

The continental crust

A

is thicker and less dense

24
Q

Why is there no earthquake activity below about 670 km at a subduction zone?

A

the subducting plate is not brittle anymore and has become hot enough to flow plastically.

25
Q

What class of minerals is the most abundant on Earth?

A

Feldspars

26
Q

What is the 6-part definition of a mineral?

A

1) naturally occurring, 2) inorganic, 3) solid at room temperature, 4) regular crystal structure, and 5) defined chemical composition.

27
Q

What are polymorphs?

A

a mineral with the same chemical composition but a different internal structure.

28
Q

In what 2 major ways do mineral crystals grow?

A
  1. crystallization of magma (cools inside the crust) or lava (cools & hardens on the surface) 2. crystallization of materials dissolved in water. When these liquids cool to a solid state, they form crystals
29
Q

Why can we not always rely on color to help us figure out what a mineral is?

A

because color can be highly variable. Some minerals can occur in a variety of different colors due to impurities in the chemical makeup of the mineral.

30
Q

anhedral crystals?

A

refers to the lack of crystal faces on a particular mineral specimen.

31
Q

euhedral crystals

A

, where the mineral specimen shows flat, well delineated crystal surface features

32
Q

Name a couple of minerals that are soft, and a couple that are harder than glass.

A

Quartz is hard, Calcite is soft,

33
Q

fractional crystallization

A

Fractional crystallization is a geological process of crystallization and removal of different minerals from the cooling magma.

34
Q

Partial melting

A

Partial melting is a geological process in which different minerals in the rock melt in different temperatures.

35
Q

How does the cooling of a rock affect the grain size/texture

A

slow cooling allows large crystals to form, fast cooling yields small crystals.

36
Q

viscosity

A

a key property that affects how rocks deform and flow under stress,

37
Q

What are the 4 main intrusive igneous rock types, and their extrusive counterparts?

A

granite, diorite, gabbro, and peridotite.

38
Q

What is an example of a glassy igneous rock,

A

basalt, andesite, and rhyolite

39
Q

example of a pyroclastic igneous
rock?

A

.
Pumice, scoria, and cinders

40
Q

What are the three types of volcanoes?

A

cinder cones, composite volcanoes , and shield volcanoes.

41
Q

What factors make a volcano explosive vs. effusive?

A

he amount of gas in the magma.

42
Q

Which types of volcanoes are polygenetic?

A

Composite volcanoes, shield volcanoes, and calderas

43
Q

Which types of volcanoes are monogenetic??

A

cinder cones and fissure volcanoes

44
Q

What is a pluton?

A

a body of intrusive igneous rock.

45
Q

What is a batholith?

A

a very large igneous intrusion extending deep in the earth’s crust.

46
Q

What are dike rocks

A

tabular or sheet-like bodies of magma that cut through and across the layering of adjacent rocks.

47
Q

What are still rocks

A

a tabular sheet intrusion that has intruded between older layers of sedimentary rock

48
Q

What are vesicles?

A

small cellular containers

Geology (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions