Geology #3 Flashcards
Which type of seismic wave cannot move through liquids?
S wave
What is liquefaction?
The melting of sedimentary material into a fluid
The logarithmic scale that describes the strength of an earthquake is called the_____ scale.
Richter
Earthquakes generally do not occur below 670 km in the mantle.
True
Love waves and Rayleigh waves are examples of:
Surface waves
P-waves travel by compression-expansion.
True
The San Andreas Fault is a_____ fault.
strike slip
A _____ is a fracture in rock, along which movement has occurred.
fault
Extensional/tensional stresses result in _____ faults.
normal
_______ are the first waves to form after an earthquake.
P-waves
Extensional/tensional stresses result in _____ faults, whereas compressional stresses result in ______ faults.
normal; reverse
Shallower earthquakes tend to occur at _________, whereas deeper earthquakes occur at ______________.
Mid-ocean ridges; subduction zones
A(n) _____ fault is a compressional fault in which the hanging wall moves upward relative to the foot wall.
Reverse
This type of drainage pattern involves water preferentially flowing within cracks or joints in rock.
Rectangular
Ephemeral rivers _______________.
Have flowing water either episodically or during a portion of the year
The term discharge refers to the amount of water passing a point on a stream’s bank during a given unit of time.
True
Braided streams/rivers ____________.
consist of a series of intertwined channels that are overloaded with sediment
The _____ is another name for a stream/river’s point of origin.
Headwater
A meander that is cut off to become completely isolated from the main channel but that retains water is a(n) ____________.
Oxbow lake
The hydrologic cycle does not include atmospheric processes.
False
Uplands (high topography areas) that separate adjacent drainage basins are called drainage divides.
True
The intermittent leaping or bouncing of sediment grains off the bed of a stream/river is called:
Saltation
Any recently deposited stream sediment is known as _____.
alluvium
This type of drainage pattern occurs on the flanks of volcanoes.
Radial
The replenishment of groundwater is called _____.
recharge
Which will have a higher primary porosity?
a sandstone
A continental ice sheet gouged out _____, which now makes up about 20% of the world’s surface freshwater.
The Great Lakes
The water table generally follows land topography.
options:
True
False
true
Valleys carved by glaciers tend to be shaped like the letter ____________, whereas valleys carved by water tend to shaped like the letter ____________.
“U”; “V”
The region of the subsurface where water partially fills pores is called the _______ zone and the region where all pore space is filled with water is called the _______ zone.
phreatic zone; vadose zone
The upper surfaces of glaciers have large crevasses due to brittle deformation of the ice as it moves.
options:
True
False
true
When cirques form on several sides of a mountain, they often form a _____.
horn.
An aquifer that intersects the surface and is in contact with the atmosphere is termed
Unconfined.
In the glacial “ice budget,” a zone of snow accumulation is balanced by a zone of _____.
ablation.
A _____ is a U-shaped glacial valley filled with seawater.
fjord
The amount of open pore space in a rock is known as _____.
porosity
A ridge of material that rides along the middle of a glacial ice stream is called a _____ moraine.
medial
The rocks at the base of an advancing glacier leave parallel scratches in their substrate which are termed glacial _____.
striations
Drawdown is defined as:
Decline in the water table in the vicinity of a well.
A glacier will advance from its source area if the rate of ablation is greater than the rate of accumulation.
options:
True
False
false
Examples of groundwater contaminants include
Metals
Microbes
Organics
