Geology #3 Flashcards

1
Q

Which type of seismic wave cannot move through liquids?

A

S wave

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is liquefaction?

A

The melting of sedimentary material into a fluid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

The logarithmic scale that describes the strength of an earthquake is called the_____ scale.

A

Richter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Earthquakes generally do not occur below 670 km in the mantle.

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Love waves and Rayleigh waves are examples of:

A

Surface waves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

P-waves travel by compression-expansion.

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

The San Andreas Fault is a_____ fault.

A

strike slip

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

A _____ is a fracture in rock, along which movement has occurred.

A

fault

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Extensional/tensional stresses result in _____ faults.

A

normal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

_______ are the first waves to form after an earthquake.

A

P-waves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Extensional/tensional stresses result in _____ faults, whereas compressional stresses result in ______ faults.

A

normal; reverse

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Shallower earthquakes tend to occur at _________, whereas deeper earthquakes occur at ______________.

A

Mid-ocean ridges; subduction zones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

A(n) _____ fault is a compressional fault in which the hanging wall moves upward relative to the foot wall.

A

Reverse

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

This type of drainage pattern involves water preferentially flowing within cracks or joints in rock.

A

Rectangular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Ephemeral rivers _______________.

A

Have flowing water either episodically or during a portion of the year

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

The term discharge refers to the amount of water passing a point on a stream’s bank during a given unit of time.

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Braided streams/rivers ____________.

A

consist of a series of intertwined channels that are overloaded with sediment

18
Q

The _____ is another name for a stream/river’s point of origin.

19
Q

A meander that is cut off to become completely isolated from the main channel but that retains water is a(n) ____________.

A

Oxbow lake

20
Q

The hydrologic cycle does not include atmospheric processes.

21
Q

Uplands (high topography areas) that separate adjacent drainage basins are called drainage divides.

22
Q

The intermittent leaping or bouncing of sediment grains off the bed of a stream/river is called:

23
Q

Any recently deposited stream sediment is known as _____.

24
Q

This type of drainage pattern occurs on the flanks of volcanoes.

25
The replenishment of groundwater is called _____.
recharge
26
Which will have a higher primary porosity?
a sandstone
27
A continental ice sheet gouged out _____, which now makes up about 20% of the world's surface freshwater.
The Great Lakes
28
The water table generally follows land topography. options: True False
true
29
Valleys carved by glaciers tend to be shaped like the letter ____________, whereas valleys carved by water tend to shaped like the letter ____________.
"U"; "V"
30
The region of the subsurface where water partially fills pores is called the _______ zone and the region where all pore space is filled with water is called the _______ zone.
phreatic zone; vadose zone
31
The upper surfaces of glaciers have large crevasses due to brittle deformation of the ice as it moves. options: True False
true
32
When cirques form on several sides of a mountain, they often form a _____.
horn.
33
An aquifer that intersects the surface and is in contact with the atmosphere is termed
Unconfined.
34
In the glacial "ice budget," a zone of snow accumulation is balanced by a zone of _____.
ablation.
35
A _____ is a U-shaped glacial valley filled with seawater.
fjord
36
The amount of open pore space in a rock is known as _____.
porosity
37
A ridge of material that rides along the middle of a glacial ice stream is called a _____ moraine.
medial
38
The rocks at the base of an advancing glacier leave parallel scratches in their substrate which are termed glacial _____.
striations
39
Drawdown is defined as:
Decline in the water table in the vicinity of a well.
40
A glacier will advance from its source area if the rate of ablation is greater than the rate of accumulation. options: True False
false
41
Examples of groundwater contaminants include
Metals Microbes Organics