Geology #2

Question 1

Which type of metamorphism is associated with mountain-building?

Answer 1

regional

Question 2

_____ is the metamorphic process by which the chemical composition of the rock is changed by the addition or removal of hot fluids.

Answer 2

Metasomatism

Question 3

Foliations in metamorphic rocks tend to form _____________ to the compressive stress.

Answer 3

parallel

Question 4

Meteorite impact can lead to metamorphism. True or False?

Answer 4

True

Question 5

Which type of metamorphism takes place in areas where crust is undergoing shearing?

Answer 5

Dynamic metamorphism

Question 6

Gneiss is a high-grade metamorphic rock that is commonly banded.

True or false?

Answer 6

True

Question 7

Which type of metamorphism takes place when hot magma interacts with relatively cold surrounding rocks?

Answer 7

Contact metamorphism

Question 8

Which of the following metamorphic rocks form as a result of the metamorphism of limestone?

Answer 8

marble

Question 9

Which of the following metamorphic rocks is foliated?

Answer 9

Schist

Question 10

____________ is a metamorphic rock produced from sandstone.

Answer 10

Quartzite

Question 11

The age of the Earth was determined using ancient zircons. True or False

Answer 11

True

Question 12

An isotope that is undergoing radioactive decay is called a parent, and an isotope that forms as a result of radioactive decay is called a daughter. True or False

Answer 12

True

Question 13

The Cambrian Explosion was:

Answer 13

A massive impact event that caused mass extinction

Question 14

Our best estimate for the age of the Earth is _____.

Answer 14

4.57 billion years

Question 15

The eon which we are in today is called

Answer 15

The Phanerozoic

Question 16

The eon during which the Earth’s crust was initially forming was:

Answer 16

The Archean

Question 17

The principle of superposition tells us that _____.

Answer 17

the oldest rock layer in any undisturbed sedimentary sequence is on the bottom, and the youngest is on the top.

Question 18

Sedimentary rocks are the best rocks to use for numerical dating.

True or False

Answer 18

False

Question 19

When we see sedimentary rock layers that are twisted or tilted, we know that some force must have disturbed them after they were deposited. The principle upon which we base this is the principle of _____.

Answer 19

original horizontality.

Question 20

If you see a vertical igenous intrusion embedded in horizontal layers of sedimentary rocks, which principle will help you determine the relative age of the intrusion?

Answer 20

principle of cross-cutting relationships

Question 21

A(n) ______is a gap in the rock record across which there is a significant amount of missing time.

Answer 21

Unconformity

Question 22

A type of sedimentary rock formed by the evaporation of lake or seawater is known as a(n) _____.

Answer 22

evaporite

Question 23

Which of the following is a category of sedimentary rocks formed by the precipitation of minerals out of a lake, a river, or seawater?

Answer 23

Chemical

Question 24

Sandstone results from the lithification of clay-size grains.

Answer 24

False

Question 25

If mud cracks are found within a sedimentary rock layer, what can we deduce about the environmental conditions during deposition of the original sediment?

Answer 25

The environment was wet and then dried out

Question 26

Breccia is a clastic sedimentary rock composed primarily of angular, gravel-size clasts.

Answer 26

True

Question 27

_____ is the reduction of pore space in sediment as a result of the weight of the overlying sediments.

Answer 27

compaction

Question 28

Rocks formed from rounded, gravel-size sediments are termed _______________.

Answer 28

conglomerate

Question 29

A _____ is a sedimentary deposit that forms where a stream enters a standing body of water.

Answer 29

delta

Question 30

________ is a sedimentary rock which is typically composed entirely of calcium carbonate.

Answer 30

Shale

Question 31

The group of processes that transform sediments into rock is known as _____.

Answer 31

lithification

Question 32

Coal is classified as a chemical sedimentary rock.

Answer 32

False

Question 33

Some of the main factors involved in soil development include:

Answer 33

Both climate and parent materials

Question 34

This type of soil is highly oxidized:

Answer 34

Oxisol

Question 35

Mountain ranges only form by compressional (squeezing) forces.True or False

Answer 35

False

Question 36

Orographic precipitation involves increased precipitation on one side of a mountain, and decreased (or no) precipitation on the other side. True or False

Answer 36

True

Question 37

Weathering involves the breakdown and movement of materials from their original location. True or False

Answer 37

True

Question 38

Rock that is deformed so that it bends in a ductile/plastic way forms _____.

Answer 38

folds

Question 39

Dissolution is a good example of physical weathering. True or False

Answer 39

False

Question 40

The never-ending formation and destruction of Earth materials is called the _______.

Answer 40

rock cycle

Question 41

__ deformation describes the permanent change that occurs when a material breaks by fracturing.

Answer 41

ductile/plastic

Question 42

The balance between the weight of a mountain range and the buoyancy provided by the underlying mantle is called ___________.

Answer 42

isostatic equilibrium

Question 43

_______ is the process of ice splitting rocks during freeze/thaw cycles.

Answer 43

Frost wedging

Question 43

All of the following are examples of physical weathering except:

Answer 43

Oxidation

Question 45

A fold shaped like an arch is a(n) _______, whereas a fold shaped like a "U" is a(n) _______.

Answer 45

anticline; syncline

Question 46

In general, weathering and erosion occur more rapidly in _________ regions, and more slowly in _______ regions.

Answer 46

Tropical; arid

Question 47

_______ is the process of large, curved slabs of rocks peeling off from the surface

Answer 47

Exfoliation/sheet weathering

Question 48

_______ occurs along with significant changes in temperature over various time periods.

Answer 48

Thermal expansion

Question 49

This type of soil contains volcanic glass:

Answer 49

Andisol

Question 50

_______ involves the physical weathering of rocks by vegetation.

Answer 50

Root wedging

Question 51

This type of soil is dark and organic:

Answer 51

Mollisol

Question 52

Oxidation is a good example of chemical weathering.True or False

Answer 52

True