geological resources - test Flashcards
the dark streaks in the photo are accumulations of ilmenite, a titanium rich mineral. Placers from SW portugal are…?
dissemination ore deposits
banded iron formations were deposited on very old continental margins. Name 2 pairs of mining provinces with this type of ore deposit.
iron quadrangle (brazil) and Congo craton, weatern aus and mongolia
surface outflows of acidic water are associated with…?
mining
indicate which 2 are metallic minerals
galena, chalcopyrite
name 2 replacement textures in minerals
concave - convex contacts, atoll textures
syngenetic ore deposits are…?
formed at the same time as the host rock
future energy demand, accompanying population growth, will require…?
the increasing diversification of energy sources.
identify future methods to control gas emissions in high-tech industry
store CO2 in depleted oli and gas fields, replace coal by gas and hydrogen
what generates hydrocarbons?
buried, organic rich rocks
indicate below 2 principal uses of non-mineral ores in modern society
to control chemial reactions, in the buiulding industry
new mining and hydrocarbon prospects become profitable:
several years after production starts
as a concept, the ‘ energy trilemma’ reflects a 3 way relationship amongst:
affordability, security and environmental impact of known energy sources
the relative scarcity of critical metals may hinder the use of renewable energy solutions. what 2 solutions can address this problem?
the release of permits to mine the seafloor under strict environmental rules, the adoption of circular economic models, in which most materials are recycled
extremophiles led in the past to the enrichment and accumulation of resources. which type of mineral ore is associated with past extremophiles?
iron in bandd iron formations
name 2 key properties of metalic minerals.
can be combined to form alloys, malleable
sea water was crucial to the deposition of polymetalic ore in neves corvo. why?
metal - bearing fluids were expelled into the water column, or were cooled down by sea water below the surface, as part of sedimentary exhalative system.
what is the name of the orogenic phase that generated them?
variscan orogeny
cheap mineral ore usually requires:
particular ways of transporting the ore in large quanities, its mechanical and physical concentration before its sold
apart from cyprus, name 2 other countries in which ophiolites outcrop at the surface
turkey, oman
what percentage of the worlds resources, extracted every year, is later resued in the so called ‘circular economy’?
about 10%
why do petrologists study replacement textures in minerals?
to date minerals relative to eachother
at present, the copper in the Bagdad city mine is…?
disseminated in the country rocks of the Bagdad area, complemented by Rhenium as a randomly distributed by-product.
what contributed to the enrichment and movement of mineral elements around the Alston Block in the NE of england?
the reactivation of faults above a granite batholith
the recent trends in oil and gas production indicate that…?
the demand for oil and gas is still rising, the future implies a diversification of energy sources
name 2 rare earth elements widley used in industry
scandium, cerium
which type of rock is not associated with the prescence of massive sulphide deposits in ophilites?
rhyolitic ash
name the 2 processes capable of segrating minerlas in a magma chamber?
crystallistation of magmas under changing temp and pressure, crystallistion due to changes in crystal-volitle equilibria.
