geological resources - test

Question 1

the dark streaks in the photo are accumulations of ilmenite, a titanium rich mineral. Placers from SW portugal are…?

Answer 1

dissemination ore deposits

Question 2

banded iron formations were deposited on very old continental margins. Name 2 pairs of mining provinces with this type of ore deposit.

Answer 2

iron quadrangle (brazil) and Congo craton, weatern aus and mongolia

Question 3

surface outflows of acidic water are associated with…?

Answer 3

mining

Question 4

indicate which 2 are metallic minerals

Answer 4

galena, chalcopyrite

Question 5

name 2 replacement textures in minerals

Answer 5

concave - convex contacts, atoll textures

Question 6

syngenetic ore deposits are…?

Answer 6

formed at the same time as the host rock

Question 7

future energy demand, accompanying population growth, will require…?

Answer 7

the increasing diversification of energy sources.

Question 8

identify future methods to control gas emissions in high-tech industry

Answer 8

store CO2 in depleted oli and gas fields, replace coal by gas and hydrogen

Question 9

what generates hydrocarbons?

Answer 9

buried, organic rich rocks

Question 10

indicate below 2 principal uses of non-mineral ores in modern society

Answer 10

to control chemial reactions, in the buiulding industry

Question 11

new mining and hydrocarbon prospects become profitable:

Answer 11

several years after production starts

Question 12

as a concept, the ‘ energy trilemma’ reflects a 3 way relationship amongst:

Answer 12

affordability, security and environmental impact of known energy sources

Question 13

the relative scarcity of critical metals may hinder the use of renewable energy solutions. what 2 solutions can address this problem?

Answer 13

the release of permits to mine the seafloor under strict environmental rules, the adoption of circular economic models, in which most materials are recycled

Question 14

extremophiles led in the past to the enrichment and accumulation of resources. which type of mineral ore is associated with past extremophiles?

Answer 14

iron in bandd iron formations

Question 15

name 2 key properties of metalic minerals.

Answer 15

can be combined to form alloys, malleable

Question 16

sea water was crucial to the deposition of polymetalic ore in neves corvo. why?

Answer 16

metal - bearing fluids were expelled into the water column, or were cooled down by sea water below the surface, as part of sedimentary exhalative system.

Question 17

what is the name of the orogenic phase that generated them?

Answer 17

variscan orogeny

Question 18

cheap mineral ore usually requires:

Answer 18

particular ways of transporting the ore in large quanities, its mechanical and physical concentration before its sold

Question 19

apart from cyprus, name 2 other countries in which ophiolites outcrop at the surface

Answer 19

turkey, oman

Question 20

what percentage of the worlds resources, extracted every year, is later resued in the so called ‘circular economy’?

Answer 20

about 10%

Question 21

why do petrologists study replacement textures in minerals?

Answer 21

to date minerals relative to eachother

Question 22

at present, the copper in the Bagdad city mine is…?

Answer 22

disseminated in the country rocks of the Bagdad area, complemented by Rhenium as a randomly distributed by-product.

Question 23

what contributed to the enrichment and movement of mineral elements around the Alston Block in the NE of england?

Answer 23

the reactivation of faults above a granite batholith

Question 24

the recent trends in oil and gas production indicate that…?

Answer 24

the demand for oil and gas is still rising, the future implies a diversification of energy sources

Question 25

name 2 rare earth elements widley used in industry

Answer 25

scandium, cerium

Question 26

which type of rock is not associated with the prescence of massive sulphide deposits in ophilites?

Answer 26

rhyolitic ash

Question 27

name the 2 processes capable of segrating minerlas in a magma chamber?

Answer 27

crystallistation of magmas under changing temp and pressure, crystallistion due to changes in crystal-volitle equilibria.