earths internal structure

Question 1

a primary force opposing motion on all faults is …?

Answer 1

friction

Question 2

what is the name of the diagram that is produced by seismographs?

Answer 2

seismogram

Question 3

which type of earthquake wave travels with the slowest velocity?

Answer 3

surface waves

Question 4

what is the epicentre?

Answer 4

the point on earths surface directly above the point where an earthquake occurs

Question 5

what is the hypocentre (focus)?

Answer 5

the point within earth where an earthquake takes place

Question 6

if an earthquakes magnitude is meausred based on the Richter scale, how is this abbreviated?

Answer 6

M^L

Question 7

what is a tsumani?

Answer 7

a sea wave generated by an earthquake, landslide, or meteor impacts that may destroy coastal cities thousands of km from its source

Question 8

what is the minimum amount of sesimic stations that are needed to locate the epicentre of an earthquake?

Answer 8

3

Question 9

where do the majority of earthquakes occur?

Answer 9

along any plate margin

Question 10

According to the moment magnitude scale (Mw), a magnitude 8 earthquake would be 1,000 times greater than a magnitude ________ earthquake.

Answer 10

5

Question 11

what is the geotherm?

Answer 11

the rate of change of temperature with depth in earths interoir

Question 12

what is the densest layer of earth?

Answer 12

inner core

Question 13

what is the Moho?

Answer 13

the boundary between the crust and the mantle that is marked by an abrupt change in seismic velocity

Question 14

what is the lithosphere?

Answer 14

the crust and the upper mantle

Question 15

Moho location?

Answer 15

between the crust and the mantle - is found deeper underneath continents than under oceans

Question 16

what are the 4 most common elements, by mass, found in the whole earth?

Answer 16

oxygen, silicon, magnesium and iron

Question 17

what is isostati equilibrium?

Answer 17

the balance between the weight of a mountain range and the buoynacy provided by thr underlying mantle

Question 18

mantle - rock type and composition type?

Answer 18

peridotite, ultramafic

Question 19

there are many ways in which uplift can occur, but all of them reflect…?

Answer 19

the lithospheres tendancy to achieve isostasy

Question 20

at what plate boundary is the lithosphere generally thinnest?

Answer 20

divergent

Question 21

name each section of the earth, from thr surface to the centre

Answer 21

crust, upper mantle, transition zone, lower mantle, liquid outer core, solid inner core

Question 22

what are the most common minerals found within earth?

Answer 22

silicates

Question 23

what is the main reason why mountains substantially taller than Mt. Everest are unlikely to arise on earth?

Answer 23

the high geothermal gradient in the crust causes mountains to collapse under their own weight